Observation & ReportsQuestion 122 of 200

In a security incident report, the distinction between 'factual' and 'subjective' statements means:

a.Factual statements are always written in the past tense; subjective statements are always in the present tense
b.Factual statements are short; subjective statements are long
c.Factual statements describe observable, verifiable events ('the subject pushed the cashier'); subjective statements interpret or characterize ('the subject was acting aggressively') and should be supported by the underlying observable facts
d.Subjective statements are always wrong and should never appear in reports

Explanation

Reports should be built on observable, verifiable facts: what the guard saw, heard, smelled, felt, did, and was told (and by whom). Subjective characterizations ('aggressive,' 'suspicious,' 'intoxicated') are opinions that should be supported by underlying facts ('slurred speech, swayed when standing, smelled of alcoholic beverage from a distance of two feet'). Subjective statements aren't always wrong (d), but unsupported conclusions weaken credibility and provide cross-examination targets. Tense (a) and length (b) are not the relevant distinction. Strong reports separate observation from inference and document the factual basis for any characterization.

Law Reference: Evidence Code §780 (witness credibility); BSIS report-writing curriculum

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