A customer's trade confirmation shows a commission charge rather than a markup. This indicates the firm executed the trade in what capacity?

a.As a principal from inventory
b.As a dealer making a market
c.As an underwriter in a new issue
d.As an agent for the customer

Explanation

A commission is charged only when a firm acts as an agent (broker), arranging a trade between the customer and a third party. When a firm acts as a principal (dealer) trading from its own inventory, it charges a markup or markdown instead.

Law Reference: Securities Exchange Act of 1934

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