Which situation is generally NOT illegal insider trading?

a.An investor trades based on his own analysis of publicly available earnings reports
b.A lawyer trades using confidential merger details from a client before the deal is public
c.An employee buys shares knowing of an unannounced FDA approval
d.A director tips a friend about undisclosed quarterly losses

Explanation

Trading on public information or one's own lawful research is legal. Insider trading requires trading on material nonpublic information in breach of a duty. The other choices all involve MNPI obtained or used improperly.

Law Reference: Securities Exchange Act of 1934

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