A security guard finds an individual trespassing on posted private property (PC §602). The guard wants to detain the trespasser pending police arrival. The most legally sound approach is:
Explanation
Trespass under §602 is a misdemeanor; if it occurred in the guard's presence, §837(1) authorizes a citizen's arrest. Best practice is to first issue a lawful warning to leave (often resolves the situation), then effect an arrest with reasonable restraint if the person refuses, and contact police promptly to comply with §847's 'without unnecessary delay' rule. Overwhelming force (a) is unlawful; broad searches (c) exceed limited-search authority; indefinite detention (d) violates §847 and exposes the guard to false-imprisonment liability.
Law Reference: Cal. Penal Code §§602, 837(1), 847This topic, taught in full in the California Guard Card (BSIS Security Guard) guide. California Guard Card — Complete Study Guide (2026) — PDF + EPUB, $9.99 · 14-day refund →
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