A key structural difference between a traditional HMO and a Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) is that the HMO:

a.Requires a primary care physician (PCP) to coordinate care and generally has no out-of-network benefits except emergencies
b.Allows members to see any specialist nationwide with no referral or network limits
c.Always pays 100% of charges without any deductible or copayment
d.Is regulated only by federal Medicare rules

Explanation

A core HMO feature is the gatekeeper PCP who coordinates and authorizes referrals to specialists. HMOs typically only pay for in-network care, with emergencies as the main exception. PPOs allow direct access to specialists and pay reduced benefits for out-of-network care.

Law Reference: Plan design – HMO vs. PPO

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