Bed rails in California SNFs are:

Explanation

Side rails may function as restraints when they restrict freedom of movement; CMS treats them under restraint rules requiring least-restrictive analysis, informed consent, medical justification, and ongoing monitoring. FDA has documented deaths from entrapment and publishes seven entrapment zones with dimensional limits. Routine bilateral use (c, d) violates federal regulation. Alternatives include low beds, transfer-aid handles, mat near bed.