Basic Nursing SkillsQuestion 79 of 200
When measuring intake and output (I&O), the CNA:
a.Records in milliliters all fluids in (oral, IV, tube feed) and all fluids out (urine, vomitus, drainage, liquid stool); uses graduated containers for accuracy
b.Estimates by visual inspection only
c.Records intake only
d.Combines values into a single number
Explanation
I&O monitoring uses graduated containers and milliliter measurement to track fluid balance—important in CHF, renal disease, dehydration, post-op care, and tube feedings. Includes oral fluids (water, juice, ice chips counted as half-volume), IVs, tube feeds, and outputs (urine, emesis, drainage, liquid stool). Estimates (b), partial recording (c), or combined totals (d) lose the data needed for nursing assessment and medical decisions.
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