Which statement correctly distinguishes cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization?

a.Cleaning and disinfection mean the same thing and both kill bacterial spores
b.Disinfection destroys all microbial life, including spores
c.Sterilization is required for every implement used in a skin care establishment
d.Sterilization destroys all microbial life including spores, while disinfection kills most pathogens on non-porous surfaces

Giải thích

Sterilization is the highest level and destroys all organisms including bacterial spores; disinfection kills most pathogens on hard, non-porous surfaces but not all spores; cleaning simply removes visible soil and reduces the number of organisms. Estheticians are required to clean and disinfect, not sterilize, because they do not penetrate living tissue. Cleaning and disinfecting are two distinct, sequential steps, not synonyms.

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