Chapter 3 of 124.7% of exam

Group and Family Counseling

A smaller domain covering group and family theories and practice. Items tend to ask which stage a group is in, which model a group follows, or which family-systems concept a pattern illustrates.

Running groups ethically

Groups require screening and a frank statement about the limits of confidentiality. The CRC can set expectations for members but cannot promise that every member will honor them. Items in this area usually describe what a leader says at the first session or how members are chosen. Look for the answer that sets expectations honestly rather than one that overpromises.

Screening

Prospective members are screened so their needs and goals are compatible with the group's, they do not impede the process, and they are not harmed by it.

CRCC Code of Professional Ethics (2023), A.6.a

Group confidentiality

The CRC states an expectation of confidentiality and explains that it cannot be guaranteed for other members.

CRCC Code of Professional Ethics (2023), B.4.a

Protecting members

The CRC takes reasonable precautions to protect members from physical, emotional, or psychological harm.

CRCC Code of Professional Ethics (2023), A.6.b

Group models and development

SAMHSA's treatment guidance groups therapy groups into five models that differ in leader activity and focus. Developmental models describe predictable phases, from orientation through conflict to productive work. Read the stem for clues about who is doing most of the talking and what the session is for. Conflict early in a group's life is expected and is not a sign that the group has failed.

Five group models

Psychoeducational, skills development, cognitive-behavioral, support, and interpersonal process groups.

SAMHSA TIP 41, Ch. 2

Psychoeducational groups

Leader-focused groups that teach members about substance use and its consequences.

SAMHSA TIP 41, Figure 2-2

Tuckman stages

Forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning; storming is marked by conflict and challenges to the leader.

Tuckman (1965); Tuckman & Jensen (1977)

Family systems concepts

Family theories look at patterns rather than individuals. Structural and Bowenian concepts are the most frequently confused, so tie each term to its originator. Family items often describe a household pattern and ask for the term. Knowing which theorist coined a term is the fastest way to eliminate distractors.

Boundaries

Structural family therapy places boundaries on a continuum from disengaged to enmeshed, with clear boundaries in between.

Minuchin, Families and Family Therapy (1974)

Triangles

Tension between two people is managed by drawing in a third, the basic unit of an emotional system.

Bowen, Family Therapy in Clinical Practice (1978)

Differentiation of self

Bowen's term for the ability to balance emotional connection with independent thinking.

Bowen (1978)

Keep going: the full CRC — Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Examination guide covers every section of the exam. CRC Study Guide — 2026 Edition — PDF + EPUB, $24.99 · 14-day refund →

Practice this topic →← All chapters

Studying in order?

Practice stays free. The full CRC — Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Examination study guide is the material itself, taught start to finish — a downloadable PDF + EPUB you keep.

Get the book — $24.99