Research, Methodology, and Performance Management
The smallest domain covers psychometrics, basic statistics, levels of evidence, and program evaluation. Calculation items are simple if the definitions are firm.
Measurement concepts
Reliability is consistency; validity is whether score interpretations are supported for a use. Standard scores put results on a common scale. Every obtained score contains some error, so scores are best reported as bands. Standard scores let a counselor compare results across different tests.
Describing data
Choosing the right summary depends on the shape of the distribution. Program outcome data such as wages are often skewed by a few high values. In those cases the median gives a better picture of the typical client. The e-Handbook shows how extreme values distort the mean.
Evidence and evaluation
Evidence-based practice relies on the strongest available research, and program evaluation follows a structured sequence. Rehabilitation counselors are expected to use interventions grounded in theory or evidence. Program evaluation helps agencies learn whether services achieve their intended outcomes. The CDC framework was revised in 2024, so older six-step lists with different first steps are outdated.
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