Science Reasoning Basics
ACT Science is a reasoning test, not a memorization test. This chapter uses tiny inline data tables so you can practice the core skills: reading trends, extrapolating from a pattern, and identifying variables in an experiment, without any long passage.
Reading Trends in Tables
Look for the pattern between two columns of data: as one value increases, does the other rise or fall, and by how much each step? A constant increase, like 10 °C every 5 minutes, signals a linear relationship.
Extrapolating from a Pattern
Once you find a constant rate of change, you can predict values beyond the table by continuing the pattern. If height rises 4 cm per 2 g of fertilizer, the next 2 g adds another 4 cm.
Identifying Variables
The independent variable is the one the experimenter deliberately changes; the dependent variable is what is measured in response. Distinguishing them is essential for interpreting experiment designs and results.