Sample practice questions

A few real questions from this free bank, with full explanations. Use the practice tool above for the whole set.

1. 1. Professional Orientation and Ethical Practice

   Eight years after termination, a CRC is asked on a date by a former client whom the CRC treated for PTSD following an assault. What does the CRCC Code require?

   • a.Proceed, because more than five years have passed since the last contact
   • b.Decline, because the prohibition applies regardless of elapsed time
   • c.Proceed after documenting that the relationship would not be coercive
   • d.Proceed after obtaining approval from the CRCC Ethics Committee

   Answer: b

   Explanation: Standard A.4.c prohibits romantic or sexual relationships with former clients who have a history of physical, emotional, or sexual trauma, regardless of how much time has passed. The five-year period in A.4.b does not apply to these vulnerable former clients, documentation of non-coercion is the A.4.b safeguard for other former clients, and the Code provides no Ethics Committee approval route.

2. 2. Professional Orientation and Ethical Practice

   An employer's manager tells an applicant that the company will not hire him because he once received treatment for cancer, which is now in remission. Which prong of the ADA definition of disability most directly covers him?

   • a.An actual disability that is currently active
   • b.A record of such an impairment
   • c.An impairment that is transitory and minor
   • d.A disability established by a physician's letter

   Answer: b

   Explanation: Under 29 CFR 1630.2(g) and (k), an individual is covered under the 'record of' prong if he has a history of an impairment that substantially limited a major life activity, and ada.gov gives cancer in remission as an example. The cancer is not currently active, 'transitory and minor' describes an exception to the 'regarded as' prong rather than a basis for coverage, and the ADA definition does not turn on a physician's letter.

3. 3. Counseling Theories, Techniques, and Evidence-Based Practices

   A counselor using motivational interviewing wants to share information about how a new medication could affect a client's work schedule. Which approach is most consistent with MI?

   • a.Ask what the client knows, offer information with permission, then ask her view
   • b.Give a clear warning about what will happen if the client does not follow the advice
   • c.Present research findings on the medication before the client has a chance to respond
   • d.Point out contradictions between the client's statements to reduce the client's denial

   Answer: a

   Explanation: MINT describes information exchange in MI through Elicit-Provide-Elicit: explore what the person knows, offer information with permission, then explore the response. MINT also states that MI requires refraining from unsolicited advice, confronting, instructing, directing, or warning, which rules out warnings, lecturing before listening, and confronting denial.

4. 4. Crisis and Trauma Counseling and Interventions

   A client tells her CRC that she has been thinking about ending her life and describes a specific plan. Under the CRCC Code, how does the CRC approach confidentiality?

   • a.Keep it confidential, because she has not yet taken any action to harm herself
   • b.Notify her employer, since the job may be contributing to her distress
   • c.Assess the risk and disclose what is needed if harm is serious and foreseeable
   • d.End services and refer her elsewhere, since crisis work is out of scope

   Answer: c

   Explanation: Standard B.2.a states that confidentiality does not apply when disclosure is required to protect clients or identified third parties from serious and foreseeable harm, and directs CRCs to assess the risk (e.g., suicidal ideation, intent, plan) before breaking confidentiality and to use consultation when in doubt. Waiting for an act ignores the exception, notifying an employer is not a protective disclosure, and abrupt termination would conflict with A.7.f on abandonment.

5. 5. Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness and Disability

   A counselor uses the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to plan services. How does the ICF view disability?

   • a.As a fixed trait determined solely by the diagnosed medical condition
   • b.As a label that applies only to people who are unable to work at all
   • c.As an interaction between a health condition and contextual factors
   • d.As a legal status granted once a physician certifies the impairment

   Answer: c

   Explanation: The ICF describes functioning and disability as the result of a dynamic interaction between health conditions and contextual factors, both environmental and personal, across body functions and structures, activities, and participation. It rejects a purely medical, fixed-trait view, is not tied to work capacity, and is a classification rather than a legal status.

6. 6. Assessment/Evaluation, Occupational Analysis, and Service Implementation

   An employer disputes whether answering phones is an essential function of a receptionist job. Under the EEOC's ADA regulations, which piece of evidence is listed as relevant?

   • a.A description the employee wrote after requesting the accommodation
   • b.A written job description prepared before the job was advertised
   • c.The job title as it appears on the company's organizational chart
   • d.The preferences of coworkers who share the receptionist's workload

   Answer: b

   Explanation: 29 CFR 1630.2(n)(3) lists evidence of essential functions including the employer's judgment, written job descriptions prepared before advertising or interviewing applicants, time spent on the function, consequences of not performing it, collective bargaining terms, and past and current incumbents' experience. An after-the-fact employee description, a title, or coworker preferences are not among the listed factors.

7. 7. Career Development and Job Placement

   Under 34 CFR 361.5, supported employment services provided by the state VR agency for an individual with a most significant disability are generally limited to what period, unless jointly extended?

   • a.6 months
   • b.12 months
   • c.24 months
   • d.36 months

   Answer: c

   Explanation: 34 CFR 361.5(c)(54) says supported employment services are provided by the designated State unit for a period not to exceed 24 months, unless under special circumstances the individual and the counselor jointly agree to extend the time. After that, extended services from another source maintain the placement; 6, 12, and 36 months are not the regulatory limit.

8. 8. Business Engagement

   An employer says a $4,000 accommodation is an undue hardship. A CRC points out that outside funding would cover half the cost. Under 29 CFR 1630.2(p), how is the cost factor evaluated?

   • a.By the full purchase price before any outside funding is applied
   • b.By comparison with the salary of the employee who needs it
   • c.By the net cost after tax credits, deductions, and outside funding
   • d.By whether the cost exceeds a fixed limit set in the ADA

   Answer: c

   Explanation: 29 CFR 1630.2(p)(2)(i) lists the nature and net cost of the accommodation, taking into consideration the availability of tax credits and deductions and/or outside funding, as the first undue-hardship factor, alongside the resources of the facility and the covered entity. The regulation does not use gross cost, compare cost to salary, or set a fixed dollar ceiling.

9. 9. Community Resources and Partnerships

   A VR client disagrees with her counselor's decision to deny funding for a training program and wants help advocating for herself. Which program is established under the Rehabilitation Act to assist her?

   • a.The Ticket to Work Program Manager
   • b.The Client Assistance Program
   • c.The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
   • d.The State Rehabilitation Council's budget office

   Answer: b

   Explanation: 34 CFR 370.1 establishes the Client Assistance Program to advise clients and applicants of services and benefits under the Rehabilitation Act and to assist and advocate for them in their relationships with VR and other Act-funded programs, and 361.57 requires VR agencies to tell individuals about CAP in the review process. The Ticket to Work Program Manager administers tickets, the EEOC enforces employment discrimination laws, and the State Rehabilitation Council advises the agency rather than representing individuals.

10. 10. Health Care and Disability Management

    A client asks who runs and pays for Medicaid. According to Medicaid.gov, which statement is accurate?

    • a.The federal government administers it and pays the full cost for everyone enrolled
    • b.Each state runs it with state funds only, and no federal requirements apply to it
    • c.It is run by the Social Security Administration and funded through payroll taxes
    • d.States run it under federal rules, with joint state and federal funding

    Answer: d

    Explanation: Medicaid.gov states that Medicaid is administered by states according to federal requirements and is funded jointly by states and the federal government. It is not a solely federal or solely state program, and the Social Security Administration does not administer Medicaid.