Mathematics
The Mathematics section covers number and quantity, algebra and functions, geometry, and statistics and probability at a level appropriate for educators. It emphasizes reasoning and problem solving over memorized procedures.
Number and Quantity
Topics include fractions, decimals, percents, ratios, and integer operations. For example, 25% of 80 is one-quarter of 80, which is 20, and a rate problem such as the cost of 10 pens can be solved with a proportion. Order of operations governs expressions like -3 + 5 times 2, where multiplication comes before addition.
Algebra and Functions
Algebra questions involve solving equations and working with expressions and relationships. To solve 3x + 5 = 20, subtract 5 and then divide by 3 to find x = 5. Understanding how quantities relate underlies both equations and functions.
Geometry, Statistics, and Probability
Geometry includes area and perimeter, such as finding a rectangle's area by multiplying length times width. Statistics covers measures like the mean, the sum of values divided by their count, and probability covers the likelihood of events, such as a 1/2 chance of rolling an even number on a fair die.