PTCB Pharmacy Technician (PTCE) Practice Test

Câu hỏi luyện tập mẫu

Một vài câu hỏi thực tế từ ngân hàng miễn phí này, kèm giải thích đầy đủ. Dùng công cụ luyện tập ở trên cho toàn bộ.

1. 1. Medications

   Which brand name corresponds to the generic drug atorvastatin?

   • a.Zocor
   • b.Pravachol
   • c.Crestor
   • d.Lipitor

   Đáp án: d

   Giải thích: Atorvastatin is marketed under the brand name Lipitor. Zocor is simvastatin, Crestor is rosuvastatin, and Pravachol is pravastatin; all four are statins, which is why the names are easily confused.

2. 2. Medications

   How should unopened vials of insulin glargine be stored in the pharmacy?

   • a.In the refrigerator at 2-8 °C, protected from freezing
   • b.In a warming cabinet held at 30-35 °C
   • c.At room temperature only, discarded after 7 days
   • d.In the freezer at -10 °C until needed

   Đáp án: a

   Giải thích: Unopened insulin is stored in the refrigerator at 2-8 °C, where it remains stable until the manufacturer's expiration date. Freezing denatures insulin and makes the vial unusable, storage in a warming cabinet shortens potency well before the labeled expiration, and the room-temperature limit that does exist applies to a vial already in use, not to unopened stock in the pharmacy.

3. 3. Patient Safety & Quality Assurance

   An order calls for potassium chloride 20 mEq to be added to 100 mL of diluent. The stock vial is labeled 2 mEq/mL. What volume should be withdrawn?

   • a.2 mL
   • b.40 mL
   • c.10 mL
   • d.20 mL

   Đáp án: c

   Giải thích: 20 mEq divided by 2 mEq/mL equals 10 mL, which is then added to the 100 mL bag. Withdrawing 2 mL or 20 mL would deliver 4 mEq or 40 mEq, and 40 mL would give 80 mEq — four times the order. Concentrated potassium chloride is a high-alert product that must always be diluted before administration and never dispensed as an undiluted vial to a patient care area.

4. 4. Order Entry & Processing

   1000 mL is to infuse over 10 hours using an administration set calibrated at 15 gtt/mL. What is the drip rate in gtt/min?

   • a.10 gtt/min
   • b.25 gtt/min
   • c.15 gtt/min
   • d.17 gtt/min

   Đáp án: b

   Giải thích: 1000 mL / 10 hr = 100 mL/hr, and 100 mL/hr / 60 min = 1.67 mL/min. Multiplying by the drop factor: 1.67 mL/min x 15 gtt/mL = 25 gtt/min. Answering 17 gtt/min comes from using a 10 gtt/mL set instead of the 15 gtt/mL set that was specified.

5. 5. Medications

   A patient stabilized on warfarin asks about eating salad and spinach. What is the correct advice?

   • a.Keep vitamin K intake steady from week to week rather than eliminating it
   • b.Stop eating all green vegetables while on warfarin, because vitamin K cancels the drug
   • c.Eat as much leafy green as possible to balance the blood thinner
   • d.Take an extra dose on any day with a large salad

   Đáp án: a

   Giải thích: The warfarin dose is titrated against the patient's usual vitamin K intake, so steadiness is what protects the INR; big swings in either direction destabilize it. Cutting out greens entirely is the tempting advice because vitamin K really does oppose warfarin, but a sudden drop pushes the INR up and raises bleeding risk just as a sudden increase pushes it down toward clotting. Loading up on greens and adding a dose because of one meal are dangerous for the same reason: the dose is changed by the prescriber on the basis of an INR, not by the patient on the basis of dinner.

6. 6. Medications

   A patient has taken metoprolol for high blood pressure for two years and asks whether she can simply stop it now that her home readings are normal. Which counselling point applies to beta blockers?

   • a.It may be stopped whenever the readings return to normal for a full week
   • b.It is only needed on days when blood pressure feels high
   • c.It can be switched to every other day once home readings are normal
   • d.It should not be stopped suddenly; the prescriber tapers the dose

   Đáp án: d

   Giải thích: Long-term beta blockade up-regulates beta receptors, so stopping the drug abruptly can produce rebound tachycardia and hypertension and, in a patient with coronary disease, angina or infarction; prescribers step the dose down instead. Normal readings mean the drug is working, not that it is no longer needed. Moving to alternate days is self-tapering by another name and leaves the pressure uncovered on the off days, and beta blockers are never taken as needed for how blood pressure 'feels' — hypertension has no reliable symptoms.

7. 7. Patient Safety & Quality Assurance

   A refrigerated biologic has to reach a patient's home by pharmacy courier. Which practice best protects the product in transit?

   • a.Send it by ordinary courier and tell the patient to refrigerate it on arrival
   • b.Pack it in an insulated bag with ice cubes and leave it at the door if nobody answers
   • c.Freeze the product before it leaves so that it stays cold for the entire trip
   • d.Pack it in a validated insulated shipper with a temperature indicator and obtain a signature on delivery

   Đáp án: d

   Giải thích: Cold-chain transport is only defensible when the container has been validated to hold the range for the expected trip time and the indicator lets someone read afterwards whether it actually did, with a signature proving the product was not left in the sun. Ice cubes plus a doorstep drop is the closest wrong answer because the insulation is at least present, but melting ice gives no record and an unattended package has no controlled temperature at all. Freezing is worse than doing nothing for most refrigerated biologics, which are damaged by it.

8. 8. Patient Safety & Quality Assurance

   Which published resource names the specific drug pairs a pharmacy should display using tall man lettering?

   • a.The manufacturer's package insert for each affected product
   • b.The FDA Orange Book therapeutic equivalence codes
   • c.The FDA Purple Book
   • d.The ISMP List of Confused Drug Names

   Đáp án: d

   Giải thích: ISMP maintains the List of Confused Drug Names, which pairs look-alike and sound-alike products and marks the pairs for which tall man lettering such as buPROPion and busPIRone is recommended. The Orange Book rates therapeutic equivalence between generics and their reference products, and the Purple Book lists licensed biologics; neither addresses name confusion. A package insert describes one product and cannot tell you which other product it is mistaken for.

9. 9. Patient Safety & Quality Assurance

   A technician has just drawn a dose from a vial and is holding the used needle and syringe. What is the correct handling?

   • a.Recap the needle with both hands before placing it in the sharps container
   • b.Drop the assembly uncapped into the sharps container
   • c.Recap using the one-handed scoop technique, then discard the assembly
   • d.Break the needle off the hub and discard the syringe in the trash

   Đáp án: b

   Giải thích: OSHA's bloodborne pathogens standard requires contaminated sharps to be discarded immediately into a closable, puncture-resistant, leak-proof container that is labeled or color-coded, without recapping. The one-handed scoop is the closest wrong answer because it is a genuine technique, but it is permitted only when a specific medical procedure makes recapping unavoidable and no mechanical device is available — routine disposal is not that situation. Shearing or breaking a needle is expressly prohibited, and the container is replaced at its fill line rather than being pushed down.

   Nguồn: 29 CFR 1910.1030

10. 10. Order Entry & Processing

    Cefdinir 125 mg/5 mL oral suspension is prescribed as 3.75 mL by mouth twice daily for 10 days. What quantity should be dispensed?

    • a.112.5 mL
    • b.37.5 mL
    • c.75 mL
    • d.7.5 mL

    Đáp án: c

    Giải thích: Each day the patient takes 3.75 mL x 2 = 7.5 mL, and over 10 days that is 7.5 mL x 10 = 75 mL. Checking the same figure another way, twice daily for 10 days is 20 doses in all, and 3.75 mL x 20 = 75 mL. Counting one dose a day gives 37.5 mL and counting three a day gives 112.5 mL, while 7.5 mL is a single day's total rather than the quantity for the course.