CSLB General Building (B) Trade Practice Test

Câu hỏi luyện tập mẫu

Một vài câu hỏi thực tế từ ngân hàng miễn phí này, kèm giải thích đầy đủ. Dùng công cụ luyện tập ở trên cho toàn bộ.

1. 1. Principles of Real Estate

   Which of the following is considered real property rather than personal property?

   • a.A tenant's freestanding refrigerator brought into an apartment
   • b.A built-in central heating system permanently attached to the building
   • c.A car parked in the driveway
   • d.Loose furniture staged for a showing

   Đáp án: b

   Giải thích: Real property includes land and anything permanently affixed to it, such as a built-in heating system. Items that are movable and not attached, like a refrigerator brought in by a tenant, are personal property (chattel). The test of a fixture looks at attachment, adaptation, and intent.

2. 2. Principles of Real Estate

   Under the principle of substitution, a buyer will pay no more for a property than:

   • a.The cost of the most expensive comparable in the market
   • b.The assessed value for tax purposes
   • c.The original construction cost
   • d.The cost of acquiring an equally desirable substitute property

   Đáp án: d

   Giải thích: The principle of substitution holds that value is set by the cost of an equally desirable alternative. This idea underlies the sales comparison approach to appraisal. A rational buyer will not overpay when a comparable substitute is available for less.

3. 3. Principles of Real Estate

   When a lower-value home gains value because it is located among higher-value homes, this illustrates the principle of:

   • a.Progression
   • b.Regression
   • c.Contribution
   • d.Substitution

   Đáp án: a

   Giải thích: Progression is the increase in a lesser property's value due to the presence of better, higher-value properties nearby. Regression is the reverse, where a superior property loses value among lesser ones. Both flow from the broader principle of conformity.

4. 4. License Law & Agency

   Which of the following would create an agency relationship by ratification?

   • a.A signed listing agreement
   • b.A principal accepting the benefits of unauthorized acts after the fact
   • c.A written buyer-broker contract
   • d.A formal power of attorney

   Đáp án: b

   Giải thích: Agency by ratification arises when a principal approves or accepts the benefits of an agent's previously unauthorized actions. This retroactively creates the agency relationship. Express agency, by contrast, is created by a clear agreement such as a signed listing.

5. 5. License Law & Agency

   A material defect that a seller's agent knows about the property must be:

   • a.Concealed to protect the seller
   • b.Reported only to the Department of State
   • c.Revealed only if the buyer asks directly
   • d.Disclosed to prospective buyers

   Đáp án: d

   Giải thích: Even while representing the seller, an agent must honestly disclose known material defects to buyers and cannot participate in active concealment or fraud. The duty of honesty to third parties coexists with loyalty to the principal. Failing to disclose can expose the agent to liability.

6. 6. Contracts

   A contract entered into by a minor is generally:

   • a.Void from the start
   • b.Fully enforceable against the minor
   • c.Voidable at the option of the minor
   • d.Automatically valid once notarized

   Đáp án: c

   Giải thích: Contracts made by minors are typically voidable at the minor's option, meaning the minor may disaffirm the contract. This protects those who lack full legal capacity. A void contract, by contrast, has no legal effect at all from the beginning.

7. 7. Contracts

   Specific performance is a legal remedy in which a court orders:

   • a.Payment of monetary damages only
   • b.The broker to refund the commission
   • c.The immediate cancellation of the contract
   • d.A defaulting party to carry out the contract as agreed

   Đáp án: d

   Giải thích: Specific performance compels a defaulting party to actually perform the contract, such as conveying the unique property as promised. It is available because each parcel of real estate is considered unique, so money alone may not suffice. A buyer often seeks it when a seller refuses to close.

8. 8. Finance

   The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio is calculated as:

   • a.Down payment divided by the loan amount
   • b.Property value divided by the loan amount
   • c.Loan amount divided by the appraised value or price
   • d.Interest divided by principal

   Đáp án: c

   Giải thích: LTV is the loan amount divided by the lesser of the appraised value or sale price, expressed as a percentage. A $200,000 loan on a $250,000 property is an 80% LTV. Higher LTVs mean less borrower equity and generally more lender risk.

9. 9. Finance

   Using an annual property tax rate of $2.50 per $100 of assessed value, the annual tax on a home assessed at $180,000 is:

   • a.$450
   • b.$5,400
   • c.$4,500
   • d.$45,000

   Đáp án: c

   Giải thích: Divide the assessed value by 100: $180,000 / 100 = 1,800 units. Multiply by the rate: 1,800 x $2.50 = $4,500. Property taxes are calculated from the assessed value, which may differ from market value.

10. 10. Practice & Math

    A key responsibility of a property manager is to:

    • a.Personally guarantee the owner's mortgage
    • b.Appraise the property for lending purposes
    • c.Set property tax rates for the county
    • d.Maximize the owner's return while maintaining the property's value

    Đáp án: d

    Giải thích: A property manager's core duty is to protect the owner's investment by maximizing income and preserving or enhancing the property's value. This includes marketing, leasing, maintenance, and financial reporting. The manager acts as the owner's fiduciary agent.