第 3 章，共 3 章22% 占考试比重

Geography, Symbols, and Holidays

This chapter covers U.S. geography, national symbols, and national holidays. About 22% of the civics test comes from these topics. You will learn about the nation's capital, major rivers and oceans, the meaning of the flag and anthem, and the holidays that Americans celebrate together.

U.S. Geography

The United States spans a continent between two great oceans. The Pacific Ocean borders the West Coast and the Atlantic Ocean borders the East Coast. The Missouri and Mississippi are the two longest rivers. To the north, states like Maine and Washington border Canada, and to the south, California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas border Mexico. The country also includes territories such as Puerto Rico and Guam.

The Pacific Ocean is on the West Coast and the Atlantic on the East.
These two oceans border the continental United States. The Pacific is the world's largest ocean.
The Missouri and Mississippi are the two longest U.S. rivers.
They flow through the center of the country and were important routes for trade and settlement.
Several states border Canada and Mexico.
States such as Maine and Montana border Canada, while California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas border Mexico.

The Nation's Capital and Landmarks

Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States and the home of the President, Congress, and the Supreme Court. It is a special district, not part of any state. The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France in 1886, stands in New York Harbor and has become a symbol of freedom and welcome to immigrants.

The capital of the United States is Washington, D.C.
It houses the three branches of the federal government and is where the President lives and works, in the White House.
The Statue of Liberty stands in New York Harbor.
It was a gift from France and symbolizes liberty and the nation's welcome to newcomers.
The President lives and works in the White House.
The White House is located in Washington, D.C. The capital is a special district and is not part of any state.

National Symbols

The U.S. flag has 13 stripes for the 13 original colonies and 50 stars for the 50 states. The national anthem is 'The Star-Spangled Banner,' written by Francis Scott Key in 1814. The nation's first motto, 'E Pluribus Unum,' is Latin for 'Out of many, one,' reflecting how many states form one country. The bald eagle is the national bird.

The flag has 13 stripes and 50 stars.
The stripes represent the 13 original colonies, and each star represents one of the 50 states.
The national anthem is 'The Star-Spangled Banner.'
Its words come from a poem Francis Scott Key wrote in 1814. It became the official anthem in 1931.
'E Pluribus Unum' means 'Out of many, one.'
This early national motto appears on U.S. coins and the Great Seal, expressing unity among the states and people.

National Holidays

Americans observe several national holidays throughout the year. Independence Day on July 4 marks the Declaration of Independence. Memorial Day honors soldiers who died in service, while Veterans Day honors all who served. Juneteenth marks the end of slavery, and holidays like Presidents' Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, and Martin Luther King, Jr. Day are also observed nationwide.

Independence Day is celebrated on July 4.
It marks the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and is often celebrated with fireworks and parades.
Memorial Day and Veterans Day honor the military.
Memorial Day honors service members who died, while Veterans Day honors everyone who served in the armed forces.
Juneteenth commemorates the end of slavery.
It marks June 19, 1865, and became a federal holiday in 2021. Thanksgiving, in November, is a day of gratitude.
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Last updated: September 2026

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