CSLB 法律与商业考试备考加州承包商执照(CSLB)考试备考 — 法律与商业练习题

样题与解析

以下是本题库中的部分真题与完整解析。完整题库请用上方的刷题工具。

1. 1. 企业组织与执照

   持有B类"普通建筑承包商"执照的承包商在哪种情况下可以施工？

   • a.在新房上进行框架、屋顶和干墙施工
   • b.仅对停车场进行平整和铺设
   • c.仅安装新的配电盘
   • d.仅更换地下水管

   答案: a

   解析: B类执照持有人可以承接建筑结构合同，并可自行完成两项或多项不相关的分包商工种。仅安装配电盘或更换水管需要C类专业执照，平整/铺设属于A类工作。

   依据: Bus. & Prof. Code §7057

2. 2. 商业财务

   承包商赢得一项300,000美元的工作，发生总成本264,000美元。占销售价格的利润率是多少？

   • a.13.6%
   • b.10%
   • c.12%
   • d.36%

   答案: c

   解析: 利润 = 300,000美元 − 264,000美元 = 36,000美元。利润率 = 利润 ÷ 销售价格 = 36,000美元 ÷ 300,000美元 = 0.12 = 12%。

3. 3. 合同与履行

   根据加州《修复权法》（Civil Code §895及以下条款，由SB 800制定），房主就未另行规定的功能/使用缺陷向建筑商提起建筑缺陷索赔的一般诉讼时效是多少？

   • a.明显缺陷 4 年、潜在缺陷 10 年，依 CCP §337.15
   • b.自过户完成起 1 年，即装修面层明示保证期
   • c.自发现缺陷起 3 年，依一般侵权行为时效
   • d.自实质完工起 10 年，特定缺陷类别另有更短期限

   答案: d

   解析: Civil Code §941(a) 将《修复权法》诉讼的外部期限定为实质完工后 10 年。在该期限内，§896 又为许多缺陷类型规定了更短的期限——管道与下水道 4 年、油漆与污渍 5 年、园艺与灌溉 1 年、噪音传导 2 年——所以答案是分层的，而非单一数字。(a) 是 SB 800 之前 Code of Civil Procedure §337.15 的框架，至今仍适用于该法未涵盖的项目，但不是本题所问的 §896 方案。(b) 把时效与 Civil Code §900 要求建筑商另行提供的一年期明示「装修面层」保证混为一谈。(c) 套用了不动产损害的一般三年发现规则（CCP §338(b)），而 SB 800 已就其涵盖的住宅建筑取代了该规则。

   依据: Civil Code §896, §941; cf. Civil Code §900, Code Civ. Proc. §337.15, §338(b)

4. 4. 雇佣要求

   A staffing agency employs temporary workers assigned to a contractor. How often must the staffing agency generally pay these temporary employees under Labor Code §201.3?

   • a.Monthly, on a designated payday each month
   • b.Whenever the client contractor pays the agency
   • c.At the end of each assignment, however long
   • d.Weekly, whatever day the assignment happens to end

   答案: d

   解析: Labor Code §201.3(b)(1) requires a temporary services employer to pay its assigned employees weekly, with the prior week's wages due on a regular designated payday, regardless of when the assignment ends. (b) is the pay-when-paid practice the section was written to stop - the agency's duty to its employees does not depend on the client remitting the invoice, and Labor Code §2810.3 can put the client contractor on the hook for those wages anyway. (c) holds the money to the end of the assignment, which on a long job could mean months. (a) applies the ordinary §204 rhythm, which is itself twice monthly rather than monthly, and in any case is displaced here by §201.3. Day-to-day and same-day assignments have their own rules in §201.3(b)(4)-(5).

   依据: Labor Code §201.3(b)(1)

5. 5. 安全

   Before entering a permit-required confined space, the entry permit must document that the atmosphere has been tested. Which is typically tested FIRST?

   • a.Flammables, then oxygen, then toxics
   • b.Toxics, then oxygen, then flammables
   • c.Oxygen, then toxics, then flammables
   • d.Oxygen, then flammables, then toxics

   答案: d

   解析: Pre-entry testing runs oxygen first, then combustible gases and vapours, then toxic contaminants, and the order is set by the instruments rather than by which hazard is worst. Most combustible gas sensors are catalytic and need oxygen to burn the sample: in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere they read low or read nothing, so a flammables-first result (a) can be falsely reassuring. Oxygen is also the reading that changes how the others are interpreted, since enrichment widens the flammable range while deficiency is immediately dangerous to life on its own. Toxics come last because that sensor is least affected by the other two. Both (b) and (c) put the toxic reading ahead of the flammable one and lose the safeguard.

   依据: 8 CCR §5157(d)(5)(iii); 29 CFR 1926.1204(e)