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HESI A2 考试速记表（2026）
免费、可打印的 HESI A2 考试速记表：96 个最高频要点，按考试的内容领域分成 5 个板块，每个板块标注其公布权重。
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Basic Math for the HESI A2
占考试 24%- Common denominator for add/subtract
- Rewrite each fraction with the least common denominator, then add or subtract only the numerators and keep the denominator the same.
- Multiply straight across
- To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators together and the denominators together, then reduce the result.
- Divide by the reciprocal
- To divide by a fraction, flip the second fraction and multiply. For example, 3/8 divided by 1/2 equals 3/8 times 2/1.
- Reduce to lowest terms
- Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor so the final answer is fully simplified.
- Align the decimal points
- When adding or subtracting, stack the numbers so the decimal points line up, adding zeros as placeholders if needed.
- Count decimal places when multiplying
- Multiply as whole numbers, then place the decimal point so the product has as many decimal places as the two factors combined.
- Move the decimal when dividing by a decimal
- Shift the decimal in the divisor to make it a whole number and move the dividend's decimal the same number of places.
- Round using the next digit
- To round, look at the digit just to the right of the target place. If it is 5 or more, round up; if it is less than 5, round down.
- Write ratios consistently
- Keep the same order of comparison on both sides of a proportion, such as nurses to patients on both the left and right.
- Cross multiply to solve
- In a/b = c/d, multiply a by d and b by c, set them equal, then solve for the unknown.
- Use unit rates
- Divide to find how much of one quantity corresponds to a single unit of another, such as miles per gallon.
- Check that units match
- Make sure the labels line up correctly so you compare like quantities, such as milligrams with milligrams.
- Percent to decimal
- Divide a percent by 100, or move the decimal point two places to the left, so 25% becomes 0.25.
- Find a percent of a number
- Convert the percent to a decimal and multiply, so 25% of 80 equals 0.25 times 80, which is 20.
- Percent one number is of another
- Divide the part by the whole and multiply by 100, so 15 out of 60 is 25%.
- Percent change
- Divide the amount of change by the original value, then multiply by 100 to get percent increase or decrease.
- Metric prefixes shift by 1000
- There are 1000 milligrams in a gram, 1000 grams in a kilogram, and 1000 milliliters in a liter.
- Pounds to kilograms
- Divide pounds by 2.2 to get kilograms, since one kilogram equals about 2.2 pounds.
- Celsius to Fahrenheit
- Multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 and add 32, so 37 degrees Celsius equals 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Set up dimensional analysis
- Write conversion factors as fractions so unwanted units cancel and the desired unit remains.
Reading Comprehension
占考试 24%- Ask what the passage is mostly about
- Summarize the paragraph in one sentence; that summary usually captures the main idea.
- Look at the first and last sentences
- Topic sentences frequently appear at the start or end of a paragraph and state the central point.
- Separate main idea from details
- A detail explains or supports the main idea; it is narrower and more specific than the central point.
- Avoid answers that are too broad or too narrow
- The correct main idea covers the whole passage without going beyond what the text actually says.
- Scan for key words
- Match names, numbers, or terms from the question to the same words in the passage to find the answer quickly.
- Choose only what is stated
- For fact questions, pick the option that is directly supported by the text rather than what seems likely.
- Watch for negative questions
- When a question asks what is NOT true or what you should NOT do, eliminate the options the passage supports.
- Beware of close distractors
- Wrong answers often change one word or number from the passage, so read each option carefully.
- Base inferences on evidence
- Support every conclusion with specific clues from the passage rather than personal opinion or outside knowledge.
- Read between the lines
- Notice what the details imply about a character, situation, or outcome without being directly stated.
- Stay reasonable
- The best inference is the one most strongly suggested by the text, not the most dramatic possibility.
- Test your conclusion
- Ask whether the passage would have to be true for your inference to hold; if not, reconsider.
- Identify the purpose
- Decide whether the author aims to inform, persuade, entertain, or describe based on the content and style.
- Read tone through word choice
- Descriptive words reveal the author's attitude, such as critical, cheerful, or eerie.
- Spot persuasive language
- Words like must, best, or should and emotional appeals usually indicate the author is trying to persuade.
- Separate fact from opinion
- Facts can be verified, while opinions express judgments and often use comparative or evaluative words.
- Recognize sequence
- Words like first, next, then, and finally show that events or steps are listed in order.
- Identify cause and effect
- Phrases such as because, as a result, and therefore link a cause to its effect.
- Notice compare and contrast
- Words like while, whereas, and on the other hand show how ideas are similar or different.
- Follow problem and solution
- Some passages present a problem and then describe one or more ways to solve it.
Vocabulary and General Knowledge
占考试 20%- Learn precise meanings
- Study the exact definition of a word rather than a rough idea, since answer choices are often close in meaning.
- Recognize synonyms
- Many items ask which word is closest in meaning, so practice matching words with similar definitions.
- Use antonyms to confirm
- Knowing a word's opposite can help you rule out incorrect choices and confirm the right one.
- Note parts of speech
- Make sure the answer is the same part of speech as the word in the question, such as a verb for a verb.
- Learn condition words
- Terms like acute, chronic, and benign describe how illnesses behave and how serious they are.
- Know action verbs
- Words such as palpate, monitor, excrete, and dilate describe procedures and body functions.
- Study symptom words
- Terms like nausea, fatigue, edema, and inflamed describe what patients feel or show.
- Group by meaning
- Cluster related terms, such as words for making a condition better or worse, to strengthen recall.
- Look for definitions nearby
- Sometimes a sentence explains an unfamiliar word directly, often set off by commas or dashes.
- Use examples
- Examples that follow a word can reveal its category and meaning.
- Watch for contrast clues
- Words like but or unlike signal that a nearby word means the opposite of the unfamiliar term.
- Substitute a guess
- Replace the unknown word with your best guess and check whether the sentence still makes sense.
- Break words into parts
- Divide a long term into prefix, root, and suffix to analyze its meaning piece by piece.
- Learn common prefixes
- Prefixes such as hyper- meaning above and hypo- meaning below change a word's meaning.
- Know useful roots
- Roots like cardi for heart and derm for skin appear in many medical terms.
- Recognize suffixes
- Suffixes such as -itis meaning inflammation and -ology meaning study of signal what a term describes.
English Grammar and Usage
占考试 16%- Match number
- Singular subjects take singular verbs and plural subjects take plural verbs.
- Ignore phrases between subject and verb
- In 'each of the students,' the subject is 'each,' which is singular and takes 'has.'
- Compound subjects with and
- Two subjects joined by 'and' are plural and take a plural verb, as in 'the nurse and the doctor were.'
- Neither/nor agreement
- With 'neither/nor' or 'either/or,' the verb agrees with the subject closer to it.
- Subject versus object pronouns
- Use subject pronouns like 'he and I' as subjects and object pronouns like 'me' after prepositions.
- Its versus it's
- 'Its' shows possession, while 'it's' is a contraction of 'it is.'
- Their, there, they're
- 'Their' is possessive, 'there' refers to place, and 'they're' means 'they are.'
- Avoid myself as a subject or object
- Use 'me' or 'I' instead of 'myself' unless the sentence already names the same person as the subject.
- Comma after an introductory phrase
- Place a comma after an introductory word or phrase, as in 'Before the exam, we reviewed our notes.'
- Semicolon joins independent clauses
- Use a semicolon to link two complete sentences that are closely related, avoiding a comma splice.
- Colon introduces a list
- Use a colon after a complete sentence to introduce a list, then separate items with commas.
- Apostrophes for possession
- Add apostrophe plus s for a singular possessive, as in 'the patient's chart.'
- Avoid fragments
- Make sure each sentence has a subject and verb and expresses a full thought, not just a phrase.
- Fix run-ons
- Separate two independent clauses with a period, a semicolon, or a comma plus a conjunction.
- Keep parallel structure
- Items in a list should share the same grammatical form, such as reading, writing, and jogging.
- Place modifiers carefully
- Put descriptive words and phrases near the words they modify to avoid confusion.
- Distinguish homophones
- Choose the correct word among sound-alikes such as their, there, and they're based on meaning.
- Adjective versus adverb
- Use adjectives to describe nouns and adverbs, often ending in -ly, to describe verbs, as in 'spoke quietly.'
- Comparatives and superlatives
- Use the comparative form like 'better' for two items and the superlative like 'best' for three or more.
- Watch tricky spellings
- Apply rules such as 'i before e except after c' to spell words like 'receive' correctly.
Science: Biology, Chemistry, and Anatomy
占考试 16%- The cell is the basic unit
- All living organisms are made of one or more cells that carry out life processes.
- The nucleus holds DNA
- The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and directs its activities.
- Mitochondria make energy
- Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration and are called the powerhouse of the cell.
- The membrane controls entry
- The cell membrane surrounds the cell and regulates what moves in and out.
- Circulatory system moves blood
- The heart and blood vessels transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body.
- Respiratory system exchanges gases
- The lungs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide during breathing.
- Skeletal system provides support
- Bones, joints, and cartilage give the body structure and protect internal organs.
- Nervous system controls responses
- The brain and spinal cord process information and coordinate the body's actions.
- Atoms are the smallest units
- An atom is the smallest particle of an element that keeps that element's properties.
- Subatomic particles carry charge
- Protons are positive, electrons are negative, and neutrons have no charge.
- The pH scale measures acidity
- A pH below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic; pure water is neutral.
- Chemical versus physical change
- A chemical change forms a new substance, such as iron rusting, while a physical change only alters form.
- The heart has four chambers
- Two atria and two ventricles keep oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood separated.
- Arteries and veins differ
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins return blood to the heart.
- Kidneys filter blood
- The kidneys remove waste and excess water from the blood to form urine.
- Skin is the largest organ
- The skin protects the body, helps regulate temperature, and provides sensation.
- Carbohydrates give quick energy
- Carbohydrates break down into glucose, the body's fastest source of energy.
- Proteins build tissue
- Proteins are made of amino acids and form muscles, enzymes, and other structures.
- Fats store energy
- Lipids store energy long term and help build cell membranes.
- Photosynthesis makes food in plants
- Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.
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