Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA)

In a standard Kubernetes control plane, which component is the only one that clients and other components talk to directly to read or change cluster state?

1. Akubelet
2. Bkube-scheduler
3. Ckube-controller-manager
4. Dkube-apiserverCorrect

Why: The kube-apiserver is the front end of the control plane and the single entry point for all REST operations against cluster state. All other components, including the scheduler and controller manager, communicate through the API server rather than with etcd directly. Only the API server reads and writes etcd.

Which Service type exposes an application on a static port on every node's IP so external traffic can reach it without a cloud load balancer?

1. AClusterIP
2. BExternalName
3. CHeadless
4. DNodePortCorrect

Why: A NodePort Service opens the same port on every node and forwards traffic to the Service's Pods, making the app reachable via <NodeIP>:<NodePort>. ClusterIP is internal-only, ExternalName maps to a DNS name, and a headless Service returns Pod IPs directly with no proxying.