CSLB C-12 Earthwork and Paving (Trade Exam) — All Questions

A Type B excavation was cut at 1:1, and tension cracks now show at the top edge. What must be done?

• a.The slope must be cut back to a minimum of 1-1/2:1✓
• b.It must be cut to a steeper 3/4:1 slope
• c.Keep the slope and seal the cracks with spoil
• d.It must be left alone until the cracks widen

Signs of distress require the actual slope to be at least 1/2 horizontal to 1 vertical less steep than the maximum, so 1:1 becomes 1-1/2:1. Sealing the cracks with spoil leaves the unsafe slope in place, 3/4:1 is steeper, and waiting for the cracks to widen invites a cave-in.8 CCR §1541.1 Appendix B(c)(3)(B)

Sloping or benching of an excavation more than 20 feet deep must be designed by whom?

• a.The competent person acting alone on site
• b.The registered professional engineer on the project✓
• c.The equipment operator who excavates it
• d.The utility owner whose lines are nearby

Excavations greater than 20 feet deep need sloping or benching designed by a registered professional engineer. The competent person classifies soil and inspects but does not replace the engineer at that depth.8 CCR §1541.1 Appendix B, Table B-1 note 3

A 10-foot-deep Type A trench with a 3-foot bottom width will be open for less than 24 hours. Using the short-term slope, what is the top width?

• a.18 feet
• b.23 feet
• c.33 feet
• d.13 feet✓

Short-term Type A slope for excavations 12 feet or less is 1/2:1, so each side runs 5 feet and the top width is 3 + 5 + 5 = 13 feet. Eighteen feet uses the 3/4:1 slope, 23 feet uses 1:1, and 33 feet uses 1-1/2:1.8 CCR §1541.1 Appendix B, Table B-1 note 2

How often must a competent person inspect an excavation, its adjacent areas and its protective system?

• a.When a Cal/OSHA inspector is expected on site
• b.Once a week, and again after an injury occurs
• c.Daily, as needed during the shift, and after rain✓
• d.Once, when the trench is first opened for work

Inspections are made daily prior to the start of work and as needed throughout the shift, and again after every rainstorm or other hazard-increasing occurrence. A weekly or one-time inspection cannot track changing conditions.8 CCR §1541(k)(1)

A walkway with standard guardrails is required where employees or equipment cross over an excavation of what dimensions?

• a.More than 6 feet deep and more than 30 inches wide✓
• b.More than 4 feet deep and more than 6 feet wide
• c.More than 2 feet deep and wider than 6 inches
• d.More than 20 feet deep and wider than 15 feet

Walkways or bridges with standard guardrails are required for crossing over excavations over 6 feet deep and wider than 30 inches. A depth of 4 feet with a 6-foot width and a depth of 2 feet with a 6-inch width set the trigger at the wrong dimensions, and 20 feet by 15 feet is far too large.8 CCR §1541(l)(1)

Water is accumulating in a trench where a worker is to set pipe. What is required?

• a.Work may continue if the standing water is clear
• b.Waders and rubber boots for the worker
• c.Work may continue if the trench is under 8 feet deep
• d.Water removal or special support before entry✓

Employees may not work in excavations with accumulated or accumulating water unless adequate precautions are taken, such as water removal, special support or a harness and lifeline, and water-removal equipment is monitored by a competent person. Waders and boots keep the worker dry but do not address the cave-in and drowning risks, clear water still saturates the soil and weakens the walls, and a depth under 8 feet does not exempt the trench.8 CCR §1541(h)

A trench shield is installed in a compound excavation. How far must the sides of the shield extend above the vertical walls?

• a.At least 36 inches
• b.At least 24 inches
• c.At least 12 inches
• d.At least 18 inches✓

In compound excavations the shield sides extend a minimum of 18 inches above the vertical walls; on a vertical trench the shield extends to at least the catch point. Thirty-six and 24 inches are higher than the minimum, and 12 inches is lower than the 18 inches stated.8 CCR §1541.1(g)(2)

A trench shield is in place. Under what condition may the contractor excavate up to 2 feet below the bottom of the shield?

• a.If the soil is Type A and the trench is dry
• b.If designed for the full depth and no soil loss is seen✓
• c.If the trench is under 10 feet deep and in Type B soil
• d.If the owner's inspector gives permission on site

Excavating to a level no more than 2 feet below the bottom of a shield is permitted only if the shield is designed for the full-depth forces and there are no indications of a possible loss of soil. Type A soil in a dry trench, a depth under 10 feet in Type B soil, and an inspector's permission do not substitute for that design and the absence of soil loss.8 CCR §1541.1(g)(2)

Where must the upright members of a trench shoring system extend?

• a.To the midpoint, with the lower end on the floor
• b.To the top of the trench, with the lower end 6 feet from the bottom
• c.To 2 feet below the top, with the lower end on the trench floor
• d.To the top, with the lower end within 2 feet of the bottom✓

Uprights extend to the top of the trench and their lower ends may be no more than 2 feet from the bottom of the trench. The other positions would leave the wall unsupported at the top or at the toe.8 CCR §1541.1(h)

How does Cal/OSHA define a trench by width?

• a.An excavation less than 30 inches wide at grade
• b.An excavation that is a narrow cut, not wider than 15 feet at the bottom✓
• c.An excavation not wider than 6 feet at the top
• d.An excavation more than 4 feet deep and wide enough for a machine

A trench is a narrow excavation, generally deeper than wide, whose width measured at the bottom is not greater than 15 feet. A width under 30 inches and a top width of 6 feet are not the definition, and depth with room for a machine describes a wide excavation rather than a trench.8 CCR §1540(b)

A 160-foot trench 6 feet deep uses ladders for egress, and no employee may have more than 25 feet of lateral travel to reach one. What is the minimum number of ladders?

• a.4✓
• b.3
• c.8
• d.6

One ladder serves 25 feet each way, so 50 feet of trench, and 160 ÷ 50 = 3.2, which rounds up to 4 ladders. Three leaves the end gaps too long, and 6 and 8 are more than necessary.8 CCR §1541(c)(2)

A trench is 6 feet deep with a 3-foot bottom width in Type B soil sloped at 1:1. What volume is excavated in a 50-foot length?

• a.About 133 cubic yards
• b.About 2,700 cubic yards
• c.About 33 cubic yards
• d.About 100 cubic yards✓

The top width is 3 + 6 + 6 = 15 feet, the average width is 9 feet, the area is 54 square feet, and 54 × 50 = 2,700 cubic feet = 100 cubic yards. Using the bottom width only gives 33 cubic yards, using a 1-1/2:1 slope gives 133, and 2,700 is the volume in cubic feet.8 CCR §1541.1 Appendix B; estimating practice

A trench runs under a sidewalk. What does Cal/OSHA require before the sidewalk is undermined?

• a.A survey of the sidewalk, since concrete carries itself
• b.Written permission from the pedestrians nearby
• c.A warning sign posted by the sidewalk
• d.A support system or other method of protection✓

Sidewalks, pavements and appurtenant structures may not be undermined unless a support system or another method of protection is provided to protect employees from collapse. A survey assumes concrete carries itself, though undermined concrete can drop; a sign does not hold weight; and pedestrians do not grant permission.8 CCR §1541(i)(3)

A 0.80-foot aggregate base is specified. How is it placed?

• a.One 0.80-foot layer compacted with extra passes
• b.Two layers of 0.50 and 0.30 foot, thick one first
• c.Two roughly equal layers, each no more than 0.50 foot✓
• d.Three 0.27-foot layers

A base thicker than 0.50 foot is spread and compacted in at least two approximately equal layers, and no compacted layer exceeds 0.50 foot, so two 0.40-foot layers satisfy the rule. A single layer is too thick, and the other splits are either unequal or not required.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §26-1.03D

A new embankment is constructed against an existing slope. How is the original slope prepared?

• a.By smoothing it with a grader before the first lift
• b.By leaving it undisturbed so the fill sits on it
• c.By cutting into it at least 6 feet as the fill rises✓
• d.By covering it with fabric to keep the soil in place

The original ground or embankment slope is cut into at least 6 feet horizontally as new embankment is placed in layers, and the cut material is compacted with the new fill (benching). Smoothing creates a slip surface, and fabric or leaving it alone does not key the fill.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §19-6.03A

Clods of earth larger than what size must be broken up before compacting embankment material?

• a.8 inches in greatest dimension✓
• b.3 feet in greatest dimension
• c.24 inches in greatest dimension
• d.2 inches in greatest dimension

Clods or hard lumps over 8 inches in greatest dimension must be broken up before compaction, unless the material cannot be broken readily, in which case it is distributed and surrounded by fine material. Three feet and 24 inches allow clods too large to compact, and 2 inches is smaller than the limit stated.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §19-6.03C

A project has 9,000 bank cubic yards of cut and needs 10,000 compacted cubic yards of fill. The cut shrinks to 0.90 compacted cubic yard per bank cubic yard. How much import, in bank cubic yards, is needed?

• a.About 1,900
• b.About 2,111✓
• c.About 1,000
• d.About 2,500

The cut supplies 9,000 × 0.90 = 8,100 compacted yards, so 1,900 compacted yards are short, and 1,900 ÷ 0.90 = 2,111 bank yards of import. The 1,900 figure leaves out the shrinkage conversion, and 1,000 and 2,500 ignore it entirely.Estimating practice (cut and fill balance); Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §19-2.03C

Frozen material is available for a roadway embankment in January. What does the State specification say?

• a.Use thicker layers of the frozen material to compensate
• b.Compact it with extra passes of a vibratory roller
• c.Do not build embankment with frozen material or on snow✓
• d.Place the frozen material in the top 2.5 feet

Embankments are not constructed when the material is frozen or a blanket of snow prevents proper compaction. Thicker layers, extra passes or placement in the critical zone would leave voids and later settlement.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §19-6.03C

A 5,000-square-yard aggregate base is placed in a single layer, with tests at one per 500 square yards on each layer. How many relative compaction tests are required at minimum?

• a.10✓
• b.20
• c.5
• d.50

5,000 ÷ 500 = 10 tests for one layer. Five halves it, and 20 would apply to two layers, and 50 divides by 100.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §26-1.01D(2)(d)

How is earthwork compacted within 150 feet of a bridge abutment?

• a.To 95 percent for the full depth, outer 5 feet excepted✓
• b.To 90 percent through the full width and depth of the embankment
• c.To 95 percent in the top foot of the fill
• d.To 85 percent, at the contractor's choice

The full width and depth of the embankment within 150 feet of each bridge abutment is compacted to at least 95 percent relative compaction, except the outer 5 feet at the side slope. Ninety percent is the lower figure for ordinary embankment, a top-foot-only rule leaves the deeper fill loose beside the abutment, and 85 percent chosen by the contractor is below any stated minimum.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §19-5.03B

A contractor overexcavates below the planned grade in a roadway excavation. What is required?

• a.Backfill with authorized material, compacted✓
• b.Fill with loose spoil and leave it uncompacted
• c.Pay the owner a fee and continue paving
• d.Leave the hole and place base over it as it is

Overexcavation is backfilled with authorized material and compacted. Leaving a void or loose fill under the base creates future settlement, and a fee does not repair it.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §19-2.03A

A 3-foot-thick fill will be built in loose lifts of 8 inches maximum. What is the minimum number of lifts?

• a.4
• b.3
• c.5✓
• d.9

Three feet is 36 inches, and 36 ÷ 8 = 4.5, which rounds up to 5 lifts. Rounding down to 4 would make the lifts thicker than 8 inches, 3 treats feet as lifts, and 9 divides by 4 inches.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §19-6.03C

Where an embankment settlement period is specified, what may not be done before the period ends?

• a.Survey the settling embankment for movement
• b.Excavate for abutment footings or drive piles✓
• c.Water the embankment to control dust
• d.Place pavement on roadways away from the settling fill

Before the end of the settlement period the contractor may not excavate for abutments, bent footings, wingwalls or retaining wall footings, or drive or drill foundation piles in the settling embankment. Other work elsewhere, surveying and watering are not prohibited.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §19-6.03D

Loose rocks larger than what size are removed from a slope before cultivation or straw incorporation?

• a.6 inches in maximum dimension
• b.2-1/2 inches in maximum dimension✓
• c.12 inches in maximum dimension
• d.1-1/2 inches in maximum dimension

Before cultivation or straw incorporation, loose rocks larger than 2-1/2 inches in maximum dimension, roots and debris are removed from the slope surface. Six and 12 inches are larger than the stated size, and 1-1/2 inches is smaller than it.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §19-2.03G

Type A hot mix with unmodified binder will be placed in a single 0.10-foot lift. What minimum air and surface temperatures apply?

• a.50°F air and 55°F surface
• b.55°F air and 60°F surface✓
• c.40°F air and 40°F surface
• d.45°F air and 50°F surface

Lifts thinner than 0.15 foot with unmodified binder need at least 55°F air and 60°F surface. The 45 and 50 degree values are for thicker lifts, 40 and 40 is the warm-mix additive minimum for thick lifts, and 50 and 55 is the modified-binder column for thin lifts.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §39-2.02C

The plans show 0.45 foot of Type A hot mix, placed in two equal lifts. What is the thickness of each lift and the gradation?

• a.0.225 foot, with the 1/2-inch gradation
• b.0.225 foot, with the 3/4-inch gradation✓
• c.0.15 foot, with the 3/4-inch gradation
• d.0.45 foot, with the 1-inch gradation

Two equal lifts are 0.225 foot each, and lifts of 0.20 to less than 0.25 foot use the 3/4-inch gradation. The 1/2-inch gradation is for 0.15 to less than 0.20 foot, 0.15 foot would need three lifts, and a single 0.45-foot lift with the 1-inch gradation ignores the two equal lifts the question describes.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §39-2.02C

A hot mix lift of 0.17 foot is placed. Which gradation does the State specification require when multiple lifts are used?

• a.3/8 inch
• b.1 inch
• c.1/2 inch✓
• d.3/4 inch

Lifts from 0.15 to less than 0.20 foot use the 1/2-inch gradation. The 3/4-inch gradation begins at 0.20 foot, 1 inch is allowed only for 0.25 foot or more, and 3/8 inch is not in the table.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §39-2.02C

How far in front of the loading equipment may hot mix windrowed on the roadway extend?

• a.Not more than 250 feet✓
• b.Not more than 1,000 feet
• c.Not more than 25 feet
• d.500 feet, if the windrow is tarped

Hot mix placed in a windrow may not extend more than 250 feet in front of the loading equipment or material transfer vehicle. Twenty-five feet is too short for production, and 1,000 feet or a tarped 500 feet are longer windrows that let the mix cool.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §39-2.01C(1)

Asphalt binder is used as the tack coat. At what temperature must it be applied?

• a.75 to 130°F
• b.130 to 180°F
• c.400 to 450°F
• d.285 to 350°F✓

Asphalt binder used as tack coat is applied at 285 to 350°F. The 130 to 180°F range is for chip seal emulsions, 75 to 130°F is for quick-setting Grade 1 emulsions, and 400 to 450°F is far too hot.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §39-2.01C(3)(f)

In method compaction, how many coverages does the vibratory breakdown roller make on each layer, and how fast may the pneumatic intermediate roller travel?

• a.3 coverages, and no faster than 15 mph
• b.7 coverages, and no faster than 5 mph
• c.1 coverage, and no faster than 10 mph
• d.3 coverages, and no faster than 5 mph✓

Method compaction calls for 3 coverages with the vibratory breakdown roller, 3 coverages with the pneumatic roller at no more than 5 mph, and 1 coverage with the steel-tired roller. Seven is the total of all three rollers, 15 mph is faster than the pneumatic roller may travel, and one coverage at 10 mph matches neither the breakdown roller's coverages nor the pneumatic roller's speed.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §39-2.01C(15)(b)

A vibratory roller is used as the finish roller on hot mix. What must be done with the vibrator?

• a.It is run at maximum amplitude
• b.It is turned off✓
• c.It is used on the shoulders
• d.It is run at 2,500 vibrations per minute

If a vibratory roller is used as the finish roller its vibrator must be turned off, because finish rolling removes marks rather than adds compaction energy. Running it at full amplitude or rated frequency would mark the surface.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §39-2.01C(15)(a)

A project places 1,500 tons of hot mix subject to density-core acceptance. At one core per 250 tons, how many cores are taken?

• a.4
• b.15
• c.250
• d.6✓

1,500 ÷ 250 = 6 cores. Four ignores the stated frequency, 15 divides by 100, and 250 is the lot size, not the number of cores.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §39-2.01A(4)(i)(ii)

What is the largest vertical longitudinal joint allowed between adjacent lanes open to traffic?

• a.0.50 foot
• b.1.0 foot
• c.0.15 foot✓
• d.0.30 foot if cones are used

A vertical longitudinal joint of more than 0.15 foot is not allowed at any time between adjacent lanes open to traffic. Half a foot and a foot are too large, and 0.30 foot with cones is still twice the limit because cones do not remove the hazard.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §39-2.01C(4)(a)

A concrete pavement crew is interrupted for 35 minutes between truck loads in one lane. What does the specification require?

• a.Adding water to the stiff concrete in place
• b.A transverse construction joint✓
• c.Removing all of the concrete already placed
• d.Continuing with a retarder added to the mix

Placement interrupted by more than 30 minutes requires a transverse construction joint, and concrete may not be retempered, which rules out adding water. A retarder does not extend the 30-minute limit and leaves a cold joint, and removal of everything is not required.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §40-1.03F(1)

What is the minimum surface temperature to maintain on new concrete pavement for the first 72 hours?

• a.80°F
• b.60°F
• c.20°F
• d.40°F✓

The concrete pavement surface is kept at not less than 40°F for the initial 72 hours. Twenty degrees allows freezing, and 60 and 80 degrees are higher than the stated minimum.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §40-1.03J

What is the maximum running slope of an accessible walking surface before it is treated as a ramp?

• a.1:12
• b.1:10
• c.1:48
• d.1:20✓

Walking surfaces on an accessible route have a running slope not steeper than 1:20 (5 percent); steeper surfaces must comply as ramps at 1:12 or flatter. The 1:48 figure is the cross slope, and 1:10 is the curb ramp flare.2025 CBC §11B-403.3

What are the minimum dimensions of a top landing and a bottom landing on an accessible ramp under the 2025 CBC?

• a.Both landings 48 inches wide and 48 inches long
• b.Both landings 36 inches wide and 36 inches long
• c.Top landing 72 inches, bottom landing 60 inches wide
• d.Top 60 inches wide; bottom 72 inches in the run✓

Top landings are 60 inches wide minimum, and bottom landings extend 72 inches minimum in the direction of the ramp run. The other combinations transpose or understate the dimensions.2025 CBC §11B-405.7

Within what distance of a curb ramp must adjoining gutters and road surfaces have a counter slope no steeper than 1:20?

• a.Within 24 inches✓
• b.Within 12 inches
• c.Within 36 inches
• d.Within 48 inches

Counter slopes immediately adjacent to and within 24 inches of the curb ramp must not be steeper than 1:20, and the transitions must be at the same level. Twelve inches is too short to cover the transition, and 36 and 48 inches are longer than the 24 inches stated.2025 CBC §11B-406.5.8

What is the minimum width of a federal (2010 ADA Standards) van parking space with a standard access aisle?

• a.96 inches with a 60-inch aisle
• b.132 inches✓
• c.108 inches
• d.144 inches

The federal standard requires van spaces 132 inches wide (or 96 inches with a 96-inch aisle). The 144-inch figure is California's, 108 inches is the California car-space width, and a 96-inch space with only a 60-inch aisle does not satisfy either standard.2010 ADA Standards §502.2; 2025 CBC §11B-502.2

A shopping lot has 350 spaces. How many accessible spaces and how many van spaces are required under the California table and van rule?

• a.8 accessible, 8 van
• b.8 accessible, 2 van✓
• c.7 accessible, 1 van
• d.9 accessible, 2 van

Lots of 301 to 400 spaces need 8 accessible spaces, and one van space is required for every six accessible spaces or fraction of six, so 8 ÷ 6 rounds up to 2. The 7 and 9 counts belong to the adjacent rows, and 8 van spaces confuses spaces with the van share.2025 CBC Table 11B-208.2 and §11B-208.2.4

A perpendicular curb ramp run is 5 feet wide. What is the minimum size of its detectable warning, excluding flared sides?

• a.36 inches deep and 36 inches wide
• b.36 inches deep and 56 inches wide✓
• c.48 inches deep and 48 inches wide
• d.24 inches deep and 60 inches wide

The warning extends 36 inches in the direction of travel and the full width of the run less 2 inches maximum on each side, so 60 − 4 = 56 inches. Twenty-four inches is the platform edge depth, 36 by 36 inches ignores the full-width rule, and 48 by 48 inches uses the wrong depth and width.2025 CBC §11B-705.1.2.2.1

A ramp must rise 18 inches. What is the minimum run at the maximum slope?

• a.18 feet✓
• b.18 inches
• c.36 feet
• d.9 feet

At 1:12 each inch of rise needs 12 inches of run, so 18 × 12 = 216 inches = 18 feet. Eighteen inches ignores the slope, 9 feet uses 1:6, and 36 feet uses 1:24.2025 CBC §11B-405.2

What must not be placed within a parking access aisle?

• a.A blue painted borderline around the perimeter
• b.Hatched lines in a contrasting color
• c.The words NO PARKING painted on the surface
• d.Detectable warnings or slopes steeper than 1:48✓

Access aisles must be at the same level as the spaces, with changes in level, slopes exceeding 1:48 and detectable warnings not permitted. The blue border, hatching and NO PARKING are required markings.2025 CBC §11B-502.3.3 and §11B-502.4

What is the minimum clear width of a curb ramp run, excluding flared sides?

• a.48 inches✓
• b.32 inches
• c.36 inches
• d.60 inches

The clear width of curb ramp runs, blended transitions and turning spaces is 48 inches minimum. Thirty-six and 32 inches are narrower corridor widths, and 60 inches is a landing dimension.2025 CBC §11B-406.5.2

What is the minimum clear width of a sidewalk or walk under California Chapter 11B?

• a.36 inches
• b.44 inches
• c.48 inches✓
• d.60 inches

The clear width for sidewalks and walks is 48 inches minimum, with a hardship exception where the enforcing agency determines compliance would be unreasonable. The 36-inch value is the general walking surface width, and 44 inches applies to certain corridors.2025 CBC §11B-403.5.1

Which condition governs placing a fog seal?

• a.Pavement at least 80°F, in winds above 20 mph
• b.Air at least 65°F, with the road dry or damp
• c.Pavement and air at least 60°F and rising, on a dry road surface✓
• d.Pavement and air at least 50°F and rising, on a damp road

Fog seals need both pavement and ambient temperatures of at least 60°F and rising, a dry road, and no rain or freezing within 24 hours, applied in sustained winds under 15 mph. The other combinations mix slurry seal and chip seal conditions or allow high winds.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §37-4.01C(2)

What is the maximum sustained wind speed for applying a fog seal?

• a.Less than 40 mph
• b.Less than 25 mph
• c.Less than 15 mph✓
• d.Less than 5 mph

Fog seal is applied when sustained winds are less than 15 mph, and the work stops if wind blows debris onto the traveled way or disturbs spreading. Winds of 40 mph or 25 mph would carry overspray, and 5 mph is stricter than stated.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §37-4.01C(2)

What rolling sequence finishes an emulsion chip seal before traffic is allowed?

• a.Two coverages of initial rolling with a steel roller, without sweeping
• b.Traffic is left to seat the chips, then the lane is swept
• c.Three coverages with a vibratory steel-drum roller, then sweep
• d.One initial and two final pneumatic-roller coverages, then sweeping the lane✓

The sequence is initial rolling of 1 coverage and final rolling of 2 coverages with pneumatic-tired rollers, then sweeping, a flush coat if specified and removal of the covers. Steel-roller initial rolling with no sweeping leaves loose chips, a vibratory steel roller can crush the chips, and traffic is not the compaction method.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §37-2.01C(4)(d)

What loading and air pressure must the pneumatic-tired rollers used on chip seals carry?

• a.At least 10,000 pounds per wheel, tires at 150 psi
• b.At least 3,000 pounds per wheel at 100 ± 5 psi✓
• c.At least 500 pounds per wheel, tires at 30 psi or foam-filled
• d.A 1,000-pound wheel load at ordinary highway tire pressure

Chip seal rollers carry at least 3,000 pounds on each wheel with tires at 100 ± 5 psi or foam filled. Ten thousand pounds at 150 psi is heavier than the specified load and would crush chips, while 500 pounds at 30 psi and a 1,000-pound load at highway pressure are too light to seat them.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §37-2.01C(2)

How far ahead of the completed initial rolling may chip seal aggregate be spread?

• a.Not more than 250 feet
• b.Not more than 25,000 feet
• c.Not more than 2,500 feet✓
• d.As far as the spreader can run in a day

Aggregate is not spread more than 2,500 feet ahead of the completed initial rolling, so the emulsion does not set before the chips are seated. Two hundred fifty feet is shorter than the stated limit, and 25,000 feet or a day's run lets the emulsion set before the chips are seated.Caltrans 2024 Standard Specifications §37-2.02C(3)