CSLB C-7 Low Voltage Systems (Trade Exam) — All Questions

A camera must look out through a window. How should it be mounted, per the federal security criterion?

• a.With the room lights on behind it
• b.Angled to see its own reflection for alignment
• c.With the lens positioned close to the glass✓
• d.As far back from the glass as possible

The criterion says that behind glass the lens should be close to the glass, or reflections of the camera and background appear in the image. Mounting far back, angling toward the reflection, or lighting the room behind the camera all increase reflections.UFC 4-021-02 (2025), para. 5-2.3 (outdoor cameras)

An outdoor camera's scene includes a large area of sky, and the ground looks too dark. What does the federal security criterion advise?

• a.Mount higher to show less sky✓
• b.Add more sky to balance the exposure
• c.Point the camera at the rising sun
• d.Remove the auto-iris lens

Too much sky makes the camera expose for the bright sky so the ground appears dark; the criterion advises avoiding too much sky, for example by mounting the camera high. More sky worsens it, direct sun can damage the sensor, and outdoor cameras should always use auto-iris lenses.UFC 4-021-02 (2025), para. 5-2.3 (outdoor cameras)

A camera is lit at night by infrared illuminators. What does the federal security criterion say about its image?

• a.It keeps its IR-cut filter in place
• b.It will show color better than in daylight
• c.It cannot show color under IR light✓
• d.It cannot record under IR light

Cameras will not render color under IR illumination, so dual-mode cameras switch to monochrome and remove the IR filter. Color does not improve under IR, the filter must be removed for night operation, and cameras do record under IR — in black and white.UFC 4-021-02 (2025), para. 5-4.2 (infrared illuminators)

What is the difference between an electric lock and an electric strike?

• a.A lock moves its bolt; a strike retracts instead✓
• b.A lock can be fail-secure; a strike cannot
• c.An electric strike moves the bolt; a lock releases the keeper
• d.Both move the bolt; the strike is fail-safe

In an electric lock the bolt moves; in an electric-strike door the bolt stays stationary and the strike is retracted. The reversed statement is wrong, and both electric locks and electric strikes can be configured fail-safe or fail-secure.UFC 4-021-02 (2025), para. 4-6.10.2 (electric strikes)

An intrusion detection panel enclosure will be installed in a hallway. What does the federal security criterion require on it?

• a.A tamper switch that detects any opening✓
• b.A label listing the access codes
• c.A mechanical lock, with no switch
• d.A clear window to view the panel

Each intrusion panel and enclosure must be equipped with a tamper switch to detect opening, and tamper alarms must be annunciated. A viewing window or a code label weakens security, and a lock alone does not report an opening.UFC 4-021-02 (2025), para. 3-5.8 (tamper switches)

A camera records 15 frames per second with an average frame of 40 kilobytes. Using the federal security criterion's overhead factor, what bandwidth is needed?

• a.2,100 kilobytes per second
• b.56 kilobytes per second
• c.600 kilobytes per second
• d.About 840 kilobytes per second✓

Bandwidth equals the network overhead factor (typically 1.4) times frame rate times average frame size: 1.4 × 15 × 40 = 840 KB/s. Six hundred KB/s omits the overhead factor, 56 KB/s multiplies 1.4 by 40 only, and 2,100 KB/s uses an overhead factor of 3.5.UFC 4-021-02 (2025), para. 5-8.1 (bandwidth calculations)

Which standard defines the BACnet protocol, according to the federal HVAC controls specification?

• a.TIA-568
• b.IEEE 802.3
• c.NFPA 72
• d.ASHRAE 135✓

The specification defines BACnet as the communication requirements of ASHRAE 135. TIA-568 covers cabling, NFPA 72 covers fire alarm and signaling, and IEEE 802.3 covers Ethernet and PoE.UFGS 23 09 00, Instrumentation and Control for HVAC (definitions)

A fan status contact reports only "on" or "off" to a controller. What kind of point is it?

• a.An analog output
• b.An analog input
• c.A pulse accumulator output
• d.A binary input✓

A binary signal is a two-state signal, on or off, so a status contact read by the controller is a binary input. Analog points carry continuously varying values, an output is sent by the controller rather than read by it, and a pulse accumulator counts pulses.UFGS 23 09 00, Instrumentation and Control for HVAC (definitions)

What does network address translation (NAT) do on a VoIP network, per NIST?

• a.Gives each phone its own public address
• b.Reduces one-way latency below 150 ms
• c.Lets several devices share one public IP✓
• d.Encrypts the voice packets end to end

NIST describes NAT as hiding internal addresses and letting several endpoints in a LAN use the same external IP address — while making incoming calls more complex. It does the opposite of giving each phone a public address, it is not encryption, and it does not reduce latency.NIST SP 800-58, Security Considerations for VoIP Systems

What bit rate does NIST give for telephone audio encoded with G.711?

• a.8 kbps
• b.1 Mbps
• c.64 kbps✓
• d.150 kbps

NIST describes G.711 as an international standard for encoding telephone audio on a 64 kbps stream. Eight kbps is the G.729A compressed rate, 1 Mbps is far more than a voice stream, and 150 relates to the 150 ms latency bound, not bit rate.NIST SP 800-58, Security Considerations for VoIP Systems

An office moves its IP phones between floors and buildings freely. What emergency-calling concern does NIST raise?

• a.VoIP phones need battery power to dial 911
• b.911 calls cannot be placed over VoIP
• c.E-911 automatic location may be unavailable✓
• d.E-911 requires an analog fax line

NIST notes that E-911 automatic location service is not available with VoIP in some cases, because a number is not tied to a physical location. VoIP can place 911 calls, battery power is unrelated to dialing, and E-911 is not limited to fax lines.NIST SP 800-58, Security Considerations for VoIP Systems

Which TIA standard must field test equipment conform to under the federal cabling specification?

• a.ANSI/TIA-569
• b.ANSI/TIA-1152✓
• c.ANSI/TIA-607
• d.ANSI/TIA-606

The specification requires test equipment to conform to ANSI/TIA-1152, the field-tester standard. TIA-606 covers administration and labeling, TIA-607 covers bonding and grounding, and TIA-569 covers pathways and spaces.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.11.1 (telecommunications cabling testing)

Which fiber loss test method does the federal cabling specification require for single-mode links?

• a.A continuity buzzer across the connectors
• b.A visible light pen held at one end
• c.The single jumper method of TIA-526-7✓
• d.An OTDR trace with no reference

The testing method must comply with ANSI/TIA-526-7 using the single jumper method. An OTDR trace is a separate Tier 2 test that does not replace the loss test, and a light pen or a buzzer cannot measure optical loss.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.11.1.2 (verification tests)

What practical advantage of the OTDR does the NIST (NBS) report identify?

• a.It needs no setting for the fiber's group index
• b.It always measures loss more precisely than a power meter
• c.It needs access to only one end of the fiber✓
• d.It works without any light source

The report names the OTDR's principal advantage as requiring access to only one end of the fiber or cable. It does need the group index to convert time to distance, its loss readings can be affected by direction, and it uses its own pulsed light source.NBSIR 87-3078, Calibration and Standardization Issues for the OTDR (NIST)

During visual inspection before testing, what does the federal cabling specification check on cable jackets?

• a.The installer's initials on each jacket
• b.The cable's purchase invoice number
• c.UL or third-party certification markings✓
• d.The jacket color matching the wall paint

The specification calls for visually inspecting UTP and fiber jackets for UL or third-party certification markings, along with deformation and discoloration. Invoice numbers, installer initials and paint matching are not inspection items.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.11.1.1 (inspection)

An inspector finds Category 6A cable terminated on Category 6 jacks at some outlets. What does the federal cabling specification require the inspection to confirm?

• a.Only the cable's category matters
• b.Mixed categories are fine if the tester passes them
• c.Only the patch panel's category matters
• d.All components share one category✓

The inspection confirms that outlets, cover plates, connectors and patch panels all carry the same category marking, so the entire channel is composed of components of the same marking. Checking only the cable or panel misses the mismatch, and the specification makes component matching a requirement in its own right.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.11.1.1 (inspection)

A reel of fiber cable fails attenuation testing. What does the federal cabling specification require?

• a.Remove the failed reel from the site✓
• b.Use it for the shortest runs only
• c.Return it to the owner as attic stock
• d.Keep it on site as spare material

The specification requires failed cable reels to be removed from the project site upon attenuation test failure. Using it on short runs, keeping it as spare, or handing it to the owner all leave failed material in the building's supply.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.11.1 (telecommunications cabling testing)

Before field testing begins on a federal cabling project, who must be notified and invited to witness?

• a.The owner's representative✓
• b.The cable manufacturer's sales office
• c.The local fire marshal
• d.The neighboring tenants

The contracting officer's representative must be notified of the testing start date in advance and invited to witness or review field testing. The manufacturer's sales office, the fire marshal and neighboring tenants are not named in the testing procedure.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.11.1.2 (verification tests)

After the contractor's test report is submitted, what portion of the cabling plant does the federal criterion's test plan have retested with the owner's quality-assurance representative?

• a.1 percent
• b.25 percent
• c.100 percent
• d.5 percent✓

The test plan includes subsequent testing of 5 percent of the cabling plant with the owner's QA representative to verify the contractor's quality control. One percent and 25 percent are not the stated sample, and 100 percent is what the contractor tests, not the QA sample.UFC 3-580-01 (2024), para. 2-6.5 (test plan)

On a federal communications project, whose approval must the contractor's test plan and test report carry before submission?

• a.The local building inspector
• b.The cable manufacturer
• c.The contractor's RCDD✓
• d.The project's electrician

The criterion requires the contractor's Registered Communications Distribution Designer (RCDD) to approve both the test plan and the test report before submission. The building inspector, the manufacturer and the electrician are not given that role in the criterion.UFC 3-580-01 (2024), para. 2-6.5 (test plan)

Besides pass/fail status, what must the test summary spreadsheet include for failed links under the federal criterion?

• a.The installer's hourly rate
• b.The cable's purchase price
• c.The tester's serial number only
• d.The causes for failures✓

The summary includes room numbers, outlet and jack labels, pass/fail status and causes for failures, with totals installed, passed and failed. Labor rates and purchase prices are not test data, and a serial number alone says nothing about why a link failed.UFC 3-580-01 (2024), para. 2-6.5 (test plan)

When does the federal HVAC controls specification schedule owner training?

• a.Within 30 days after the performance verification test✓
• b.When the owner requests it in writing later
• c.At the end of the warranty period
• d.Before any controls are installed

The specification conducts training at the project site within 30 days after successful completion of the performance verification test. Training before installation has nothing to show, waiting to the end of the warranty leaves staff untrained, and training is a contract requirement rather than an optional later request.UFGS 23 09 00, Instrumentation and Control for HVAC (training)

What must the training manuals contain under the federal HVAC controls specification?

• a.The as-built drawings
• b.Agenda, objectives, lesson content✓
• c.The warranty certificate
• d.The contractor's marketing brochure

Training manuals include an agenda, defined objectives for each lesson and a detailed description of the subject matter of each lesson. A brochure, drawings alone or a warranty certificate do not teach operation and maintenance.UFGS 23 09 00, Instrumentation and Control for HVAC (training documentation)

What does the federal cabling specification require of the organizations that support installed equipment during the warranty period?

• a.They must be the original installer
• b.They must be reasonably convenient to the site✓
• c.They must be located in the same building
• d.They must be overseas manufacturer offices

Equipment must be supported by service organizations reasonably convenient to the installation, to give regular and emergency service during the warranty. Same-building, original-installer-only and overseas offices are not the requirement and the last would defeat timely service.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 1.9 (warranty)

How are final labels verified under the federal cabling specification?

• a.By the owner after occupancy
• b.During testing, against the records✓
• c.On a random 5 percent sample
• d.They are not verified once printed

Final labeling must be verified as part of testing and certified as accurate per record documentation. Waiting for the owner, sampling only 5 percent, or skipping verification all leave label errors in the system.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.11.1.2 (verification tests)

How does the federal public address specification measure the system's signal-to-noise ratio?

• a.Play music at full volume and listen
• b.Disconnect all speakers and read the amplifier meter
• c.Use a 1,000 Hz generator in place of a mic✓
• d.Measure resistance across each speaker line

The specification disconnects a microphone, substitutes a signal generator at 1,000 Hz, loads the other microphone inputs with dummy loads and measures signal-to-noise at normal gain settings. Listening to music is not a measurement, an unloaded amplifier meter does not measure system noise, and line resistance is a wiring check.UFGS 27 51 16, Public Address Systems (testing requirements)

What reference test jumpers does the federal cabling specification require for fiber loss testing?

• a.Cords with the same loss as the link under test
• b.Bare fiber ends with no connectors
• c.A patch cord from the job's spare stock
• d.Reference-grade jumpers with very low loss✓

Reference-grade connectors with very low attenuation (bracketed in the specification as 0.10 dB for multimode and 0.20 dB for single-mode) are required, so the reference adds as little uncertainty as possible. Spare job cords and cords matching the link's loss would distort the measurement, and bare fibers cannot be referenced repeatably.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.11.1.2 (verification tests)

What record does the federal cabling specification require for each installed cable?

• a.The installer's daily time sheet
• b.A copy of the cable's sales receipt
• c.A TIA-606 cable record✓
• d.A photo of the cable box label

The specification requires a record of installed cable in accordance with ANSI/TIA-606, with the required data fields, plus termination hardware records. A box photo, a time sheet or a sales receipt do not identify where each cable runs and terminates.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 1.11.2 (record documentation)

A link passes a simple continuity check but fails at high data rates. A split pair is suspected. Which instrument will reveal it?

• a.A light source and power meter
• b.A certification tester✓
• c.A continuity tester, run a second time
• d.A tone generator and probe

A split pair has correct pin-to-pin continuity, so only a certification tester measuring NEXT and the other performance parameters reveals it. A tone and probe identifies cables, repeating a continuity test gives the same misleading pass, and a light source and meter test fiber, not copper.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.11.1.3 (performance tests)

A link failed crosstalk after a technician re-terminated a jack. The pairs are untwisted about 1-1/2 inches at the jack. What is the fix?

• a.Replace the patch cord at the switch
• b.Add a longer jumper to the outlet
• c.Re-terminate with ≤1/2 in untwist✓
• d.Lower the switch port speed permanently

The specification limits untwist to 1/2 inch at the termination to keep cable geometry; 1-1/2 inches degrades crosstalk performance, so the jack is re-terminated correctly. A new patch cord or a longer jumper does not fix the jack, and lowering speed hides the defect rather than repairing it.UFGS 27 10 00 (2025), para. 3.4.2 (horizontal cable)

High-power PoE cameras on a bundle of 60 cables show rising errors in summer. What change addresses the cause?

• a.Wrap the bundle in insulation to stabilize it
• b.Unbundle the cables into loose basket tray✓
• c.Add more cable ties to tighten the bundle
• d.Replace the PoE switch with a faster one

Bundles heat under PoE; the criterion cites guidance that bundles should not exceed 24 cables and notes that unbundled cable in wire basket gets enough airflow, and cables may not exceed their temperature ratings. Tighter ties and insulation trap more heat, and a faster switch does not cool the cable.UFC 3-580-01 (2024), para. 2-3.3.5 (bundling)

A protector module on an aerial telephone circuit entering a building has failed after a storm. What is the correct repair?

• a.Replace it with a listed module✓
• b.Bypass it with a jumper wire
• c.Remove it so the line works without it
• d.Leave it failed until the next storm

A listed primary protector is required on each circuit run partly or entirely in aerial cable not confined within a block, so a failed module is replaced, not removed. Removing or jumpering it leaves the circuit unprotected, and waiting exposes the building to the next surge.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §2587.2 (protective devices)

An outdoor camera's image is sharp by day but blurry at night. What is the most likely cause?

• a.The cable is Category 6A instead of 6
• b.Focus set in daylight✓
• c.The camera is set to 15 frames per second
• d.The camera is PoE powered

The criterion advises setting focus in low light with an auto-iris lens, because the iris opens at night and a daylight focus no longer holds. Frame rate, cable category and PoE power do not change optical focus.UFC 4-021-02 (2025), para. 5-2.3 (outdoor cameras)

A building automation system shows a room at 78°F while a calibrated thermometer reads 74°F. Which check from the federal controls specification addresses this?

• a.A Category 6A certification test
• b.A sensor accuracy check✓
• c.A BACnet broadcast management test
• d.An actuator full-stroke check

The specification includes a one-point accuracy check of each sensor; a 4-degree error calls for recalibrating or replacing the sensor. An actuator stroke check tests outputs, BBMD settings affect IP communication, and cable certification does not test sensor accuracy.UFGS 23 09 00, Instrumentation and Control for HVAC (performance verification)

Paging speaker conductors were pulled into a conduit with power-supply conductors, and the insulation of the speaker wire is lower-rated than the power wiring. What does the safety order require?

• a.A label on the conduit
• b.A 6-foot separation inside the conduit
• c.Nothing; sound wiring is exempt
• d.Equal insulation or a metal sheath✓

Conductors of different systems grouped in the same conduit must be insulated at least equivalent to the power-supply conductors, unless separated by a lead sheath or other continuous metallic covering. Sound wiring is not exempt, a label changes nothing electrically, and a 6-foot separation inside a conduit is impossible.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §2564.6 (grouping of conductors)

Where must a construction employer's written Code of Safe Practices be kept?

• a.Kept by the owner of the building
• b.At the site office or with supervisors✓
• c.Filed at the company's main office
• d.Submitted to the CSLB with the license application

The Code of Safe Practices must be posted at a conspicuous location at each job site office or provided to each supervisory employee, who keeps it available. Filing it only at headquarters, giving it to the building owner, or sending it to the CSLB does not put it where crews work.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §1509 (construction IIPP)

How does an employer verify that the required PPE hazard assessment was performed?

• a.With the workers' signatures on a timesheet
• b.A written certification✓
• c.With a receipt for the PPE purchased
• d.With a verbal statement from the foreman

The employer verifies the workplace hazard assessment through a written certification identifying the workplace, the person certifying, and the date. A verbal statement, a purchase receipt or a timesheet is not that certification.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §3380(f) (hazard assessment)

Two separate ladders are needed to reach an elevated equipment platform. What does the ladder order require?

• a.Use them if a coworker holds both
• b.Stack one on top of the other's top cap
• c.Offset them with a landing✓
• d.Tie them end to end into one long ladder

When two or more separate ladders are used to reach an elevated work area, they must be offset with a platform or landing between them. Ladders may not be tied together unless designed for it, standing a ladder on another's top cap is unsafe, and holding them does not meet the rule.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §3276 (portable ladders)

How must an extension ladder be erected?

• a.Fly section fully retracted and tied
• b.Base section on top, fly section on the ground
• c.Fly section on top, rung locks engaged✓
• d.Sections unlocked so they can slide while climbing

Extension ladders are always erected with the top (fly) section above and resting on the bottom (base) section, with the rung locks engaged. Reversing the sections, tying a retracted fly as a substitute, or leaving locks disengaged are unsafe and contrary to the rule.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §3276 (portable ladders)

What is the maximum length of a stepladder that may be used under the portable ladder order?

• a.60 feet
• b.30 feet
• c.12 feet
• d.20 feet✓

The ladder order's table limits stepladders to 20 feet. Twelve feet is shorter than the limit, and 30 and 60 feet exceed it; 60 feet is the limit for a two-section wood extension ladder.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §3276 (portable ladders)

What must be done with an aerial lift's controls before use?

• a.Disable the emergency stop for smoother work
• b.Nothing, if the lift was used yesterday
• c.Have the building owner sign them off
• d.Test them per the maker✓

Lift controls must be tested in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations or instructions prior to use. Prior use does not excuse the check, disabling an emergency stop is unsafe, and the owner's signature is not the required test.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §3648 (aerial devices)

When the outdoor temperature exceeds 80°F, what does the heat illness standard require regarding shade?

• a.Shade must be present at all times✓
• b.No shade, if water is provided
• c.Shade after a worker shows symptoms
• d.Shade once it tops 100°F

When the temperature exceeds 80°F, the employer must have and maintain shade areas at all times while employees are present. Waiting for symptoms, a 100°F trigger, or substituting water all fall short of the rule; water is required in addition to shade.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §3395 (heat illness prevention)

How does the heat illness standard define a "heat wave" for its observation requirements?

• a.A day with a weather-service wind advisory
• b.Three days in a row over 95°F
• c.A day over 70°F
• d.80°F+ and 10°F over the 5-day average✓

A heat wave is any day the predicted high is at least 80°F and at least 10°F higher than the average high of the preceding five days, and employees must be closely observed then. A flat 70°F rule, a three-day 95°F rule and a wind advisory are not the definition.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §3395 (heat illness prevention)

Electrolyte must be mixed for a battery system. What is the correct order?

• a.Acid into water, slowly, stirring✓
• b.Mix them quickly with a metal rod
• c.Mix them in a closed, unventilated closet
• d.Pour the water into the concentrated acid

Acid is poured gradually into water while stirring, in a well-ventilated room; water is never poured into concentrated acid. Electrolyte must not be stirred with metal objects, and mixing in an unventilated space is prohibited.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §5185 (changing and charging storage batteries)

To what level must ventilation hold flammable gas where storage batteries are charged?

• a.Any level, if smoking is banned
• b.Below 20% of the LEL✓
• c.Below 50 percent of the lower explosive limit
• d.Below the upper explosive limit

Ventilation must prevent flammable gas concentrations from exceeding 20 percent of the lower explosive limit. Fifty percent of the LEL and the upper explosive limit allow dangerous concentrations, and a smoking ban is required in addition to ventilation, not instead of it.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §5185 (changing and charging storage batteries)

While trenching for a camera conduit, a crew nicks an unmarked gas service line. What must the excavator do?

• a.Finish the trench and report it at the end of the day
• b.Tape the nick and continue
• c.Notify the general contractor next week
• d.Notify the facility owner or operator immediately✓

An excavator who discovers or causes damage to a subsurface installation must immediately notify the facility owner or operator, or contact the regional notification center to reach them. Delaying the report, taping the damage or telling only the general contractor later all violate the rule.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §1541 (excavations)

Under the Telecommunication Safety Orders, what must employees never look into?

• a.An open, energized waveguide✓
• b.A dark, disconnected fiber through an inspection scope
• c.An unlit LED indicator
• d.A camera's monitor display

Employees must not look into an open waveguide or antenna connected to an energized microwave source, or into an operating laser or a fiber emitting damaging energy. A dark fiber through a proper scope, a monitor display and an unlit LED present none of those hazards.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §8617 (eye protection)

A new C-7 licensee completed the CSLB's asbestos open-book examination. What does that allow?

• a.Supervision of asbestos abatement crews
• b.Repair of asbestos pipe insulation
• c.Removal of asbestos ceiling material
• d.No asbestos work at all✓

The CSLB says the asbestos open-book examination does not certify a contractor to engage in asbestos-related work; it builds awareness. Removing, repairing or supervising abatement of asbestos materials requires separate certification and registration.CSLB, Issuing My License (asbestos open-book examination)

Above what voltage to ground do the Low-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders require approved insulated gloves when working on energized parts?

• a.1,000 volts
• b.24 volts
• c.91 volts
• d.250 volts✓

Approved insulated gloves must be worn for voltages in excess of 250 volts to ground. Twenty-four volts is a common control voltage, 91 volts is the C-7 license limit, and 1,000 volts is above the low-voltage range these orders address.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §2320.2 (energized equipment)

A technician connects a de-energized line to an energized circuit with a jumper wire. Which end is attached first?

• a.The energized source
• b.The de-energized part✓
• c.Either end, if gloves are worn
• d.Both ends at the same moment

In connecting de-energized equipment to an energized circuit, the employee first attaches the wire to the de-energized part; when disconnecting, the source end is removed first. Attaching to the source first leaves a live loose end, gloves do not change the sequence, and simultaneous attachment is not a method.Cal. Code Regs. tit. 8 §2320.2 (making connections)