Anatomy & Physiology
This chapter reviews the structure and function of the body's major systems as they relate to massage therapy. A working knowledge of anatomy and physiology helps the therapist understand how bodywork affects tissues and organ systems.
Body Systems Overview
The body is organized into systems that work together, including the integumentary (skin), skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Massage most directly affects the skin, muscles, connective tissue, circulation, and nervous system, but effects can ripple across systems. Red bone marrow produces blood cells, and the kidney's functional unit, the nephron, filters blood to form urine.
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Circulation
The cardiovascular system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste through arteries, veins, and capillaries. The lymphatic system returns fluid from the tissues to the bloodstream and supports immunity. Because massage strokes are often applied toward the heart, an understanding of blood and lymph flow direction informs safe, effective technique.
Nervous System Basics
The nervous system includes the central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral divisions. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions and has sympathetic (fight-or-flight) and parasympathetic (rest-and-digest) branches. Relaxing massage tends to promote a parasympathetic response, which is associated with lowered heart rate and a sense of calm.