Fall Protection
Because falls are the leading cause of death in construction, fall protection is one of the most important topics you will study. This chapter covers when fall protection is required, the conventional systems used, and the safe use of scaffolds and ladders. Mastering these concepts protects you against the single deadliest hazard on the job site.
When Fall Protection Is Required
In construction, fall protection is generally required at 6 feet or more above a lower level, though scaffolds and other situations have their own thresholds. Holes, openings, and unprotected edges are common fall points that must be guarded. Employers must assess the site and provide appropriate protection wherever these hazards exist.
Conventional Fall Protection Systems
The three conventional systems are guardrail systems, safety net systems, and personal fall arrest systems. Each either prevents a fall or safely arrests it before the worker reaches a lower level. Choosing the right system depends on the task and site conditions.
Personal Fall Arrest Systems
A personal fall arrest system has three parts, sometimes remembered as the ABCs: anchorage, body harness, and connector. Body belts are no longer allowed because they can cause internal injuries; a full-body harness is required. Workers must minimize free fall distance and calculate total fall clearance to avoid hitting a lower level.
Scaffold Safety
Scaffolds must be designed, erected, and inspected under the supervision of a competent person. Most scaffold platforms require fall protection above 10 feet, and platforms must be fully planked to prevent falls through gaps. Defective scaffolds must be tagged and taken out of service.
Ladder Safety
Ladders cause many falls when used improperly. Extension ladders should follow the 4-to-1 rule and extend above the landing, and workers should maintain three-point contact while climbing. Damaged ladders must be removed from service, and stepladders should never be climbed on the top cap.
Last updated: July 2026