Safe Loading, Unloading, and Segregation
Loading and unloading are among the most dangerous parts of hazmat transport because packages are handled, moved, and exposed. This chapter covers general safety precautions, securing cargo, keeping incompatible materials apart, and the special rules for cargo tanks and explosives. Careful loading prevents leaks, fires, and dangerous chemical reactions.
General Loading Safety
Before and during loading, eliminate ignition sources and handle packages carefully. Most loading requires the engine off, the brakes set, and no smoking nearby. These basic habits reduce the chance of fire or a dropped, leaking container.
Securing the Load
Hazardous materials packages must be braced and secured so they cannot fall, slide, or be crushed during transport. Orientation markings must be respected so liquids stay upright. A shifting load can rupture containers and cause a spill.
Segregation of Incompatible Materials
Certain materials react violently if they mix, so the regulations include a segregation table showing which materials must not be loaded together. Keeping incompatible materials apart, even in the event of a leak, prevents deadly gases, fires, and explosions. This is one of the most safety-critical parts of loading.
Cargo Tanks and Flammable Liquids
Loading and unloading cargo tanks of flammable liquids requires extra precautions against static electricity and spills. Bonding and grounding drain static charge, and the operation must be attended the entire time. These rules prevent fires and overfills.
Special Handling for Explosives and Radioactives
Explosives and radioactive materials have added handling requirements. Explosive-laden vehicles must be attended and parked only in safe places, and radioactive packages must be separated from people. These measures limit the risk of detonation, theft, and radiation exposure.
Last updated: July 2026