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NREMT EMT 考试速记表（2026）
免费、可打印的 NREMT EMT 考试速记表：91 个最高频要点，按考试的内容领域分成 5 个板块，每个板块标注其公布权重。
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- 300 道免费 NREMT EMT 练习题，覆盖同样的内容，每题都有解析。
- 最近更新：2026 年 9 月。
Airway, Respiration & Ventilation
占考试 20%- Look, listen, and feel
- Assess chest rise, air movement, and effort to judge whether breathing is adequate.
- Recognize abnormal sounds
- Snoring suggests the tongue, stridor suggests upper airway narrowing, and crackles suggest lower airway fluid.
- Normal adult rate is 12 to 20
- Rates well above or below this range signal distress and possible need for support.
- Watch for signs of distress
- Accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, and tripod positioning indicate increased work of breathing.
- Head-tilt/chin-lift for no trauma
- Use for unresponsive medical patients without suspected spinal injury.
- Jaw-thrust for suspected spine injury
- Opens the airway while keeping the head neutral and in-line.
- Suction no more than 15 seconds
- Suctioning removes oxygen, so limit each attempt and reoxygenate between attempts.
- Recovery position protects the airway
- Use for unresponsive, adequately breathing patients without trauma to allow drainage.
- OPA only without a gag reflex
- An oral airway triggers gagging or vomiting in patients with an intact gag reflex.
- Size the OPA correctly
- Measure from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe or angle of the jaw.
- NPA for intact gag reflex
- A nasal airway is tolerated by semiconscious patients but avoided with suspected basilar skull fracture.
- Nasal cannula: 1 to 6 L/min
- Delivers roughly 24 to 44 percent oxygen for patients needing low concentrations.
- Nonrebreather: 10 to 15 L/min
- Keeps the reservoir full and delivers about 80 to 90 percent oxygen.
- Never withhold oxygen from the hypoxic
- Treat hypoxia even in COPD patients, supporting ventilation if breathing is inadequate.
- Confirm chest rise
- Visible, gentle chest rise with each breath confirms effective ventilation.
- BVM with reservoir at 15 L/min
- Delivers nearly 100 percent oxygen when the reservoir stays full.
- Adult rescue breathing every 6 seconds
- For an apneic adult with a pulse, deliver about 10 breaths per minute.
- Avoid over-ventilation
- Ventilating too fast or hard causes gastric distention and reduces circulation.
Cardiology & Resuscitation
占考试 22%- Rate 100 to 120 per minute
- Applies to adults, children, and infants for effective circulation.
- Adult depth at least 2 inches
- Compress at least 5 cm but not more than 6 cm on the lower half of the sternum.
- Allow full chest recoil
- Full recoil lets the heart refill, improving the next compression's output.
- Minimize interruptions
- Blood flow falls quickly when compressions stop, so keep pauses short.
- Adult 30:2 one or two rescuers
- Adults always use 30 compressions to 2 breaths in BLS.
- Child/infant 30:2 single rescuer
- A lone rescuer uses 30:2 for children and infants.
- Child/infant 15:2 with two rescuers
- Two rescuers switch to 15:2 for pediatric patients.
- Infant depth about 1.5 inches
- Roughly one third of the chest depth using two fingers or two thumbs.
- Apply and follow prompts early
- Attach the AED as soon as it arrives and follow its voice prompts.
- Resume CPR after any outcome
- After a shock or 'no shock advised', immediately resume compressions.
- Clear medication patches
- Remove patches under pad sites and wipe the skin to avoid burns or blocked energy.
- Use adult pads on children if needed
- If pediatric pads are unavailable, use adult pads placed so they do not touch.
- Recognize associated signs
- Sweating, nausea, and shortness of breath often accompany cardiac chest pain.
- Assist with chewable aspirin
- Give aspirin for suspected ACS if there is no allergy or contraindication.
- Confirm BP before nitroglycerin
- Ensure adequate systolic pressure and no recent erectile dysfunction drugs.
- Position of comfort
- Allow a stable cardiac patient to sit up and keep them calm and at rest.
- Switch compressors every 2 minutes
- Rotate during rhythm checks to prevent fatigue-related quality loss.
- Check pulse no more than 10 seconds
- Feel the carotid briefly; if no definite pulse, start compressions.
- Start compressions first
- For an unresponsive, pulseless adult, begin compressions immediately.
Trauma
占考试 16%- Direct pressure first
- Firm direct pressure controls most external bleeding.
- Tourniquet for life-threatening limb bleeding
- Apply if direct pressure fails or the bleed is immediately life-threatening.
- Tighten until bleeding and pulse stop
- A tourniquet must eliminate the distal pulse to fully stop arterial flow.
- Record the application time
- Document and report when the tourniquet was placed.
- Recognize early signs
- Rapid weak pulse; pale, cool, clammy skin; and anxiety appear before hypotension.
- Falling BP is a late sign
- The body compensates first, so low blood pressure indicates advanced shock.
- Keep the patient supine and warm
- Support perfusion, give oxygen, prevent heat loss, and transport rapidly.
- Splint and check PMS
- Immobilize fractures and check pulse, motor, and sensation before and after.
- Cover burns with dry sterile dressing
- Avoid ointments, ice, or breaking blisters.
- Estimate burns with the rule of nines
- Gauges the percentage of body surface area burned to judge severity.
- Stabilize impaled objects
- Leave objects in place and pad around them unless they block the airway or CPR.
- Maintain in-line stabilization
- Keep the head neutral for suspected spinal injury until immobilized.
- Monitor mental status trends
- Use AVPU or GCS and track changes; declining status is a red flag.
- Assess pupils
- Unequal or unreactive pupils may indicate serious brain injury.
- Seal open chest wounds
- Apply an occlusive dressing and monitor for worsening breathing.
- Recognize serious chest injury
- Severe dyspnea with unequal chest rise after trauma needs rapid transport.
- Prioritize rapid transport
- EMTs cannot reverse major internal injury, so minimize scene time.
Medical, Obstetrics & Gynecology
占考试 28%- SAMPLE for history
- Signs/symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past history, Last intake, Events.
- OPQRST for pain
- Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time.
- AVPU for responsiveness
- Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive quickly grades mental status.
- Know normal vitals
- Adult pulse 60 to 100, respirations 12 to 20, systolic BP roughly 90 to 140.
- Oral glucose for conscious hypoglycemia
- Give only if the patient can swallow and protect the airway.
- Fruity breath suggests high sugar
- Deep rapid breathing and thirst point to diabetic ketoacidosis.
- Screen strokes and note onset time
- Use facial droop, arm drift, and speech; report last-known-well time.
- Protect seizing patients
- Prevent injury and manage the airway; never restrain or place objects in the mouth.
- Epinephrine for anaphylaxis
- Assist with the prescribed auto-injector into the outer thigh.
- Activated charcoal only when appropriate
- For certain oral poisonings in alert patients per medical direction; not for caustics or hydrocarbons.
- Fresh air for inhaled poisons
- Ensure scene safety, remove the patient, and give oxygen.
- Scene safety in behavioral crises
- Protect the crew and patient and call for help before restraint.
- Support the head, check for a nuchal cord
- Never pull the infant; let delivery proceed with contractions.
- Warm, dry, and stimulate the newborn
- Keep the airway clear and prevent heat loss immediately after birth.
- Left-lateral for the supine pregnant patient
- Relieves vena cava compression that causes dizziness and hypotension.
- Prolapsed cord is an emergency
- Relieve pressure, keep the part off the cord, and transport rapidly.
- Assist with a prescribed inhaler
- Help asthma patients use their own inhaler per protocol and medical direction.
- Support breathing in overdose
- Ventilate opioid overdose patients; naloxone follows per protocol.
- Recognize worst-ever headache
- A sudden severe headache may indicate a brain bleed and possible stroke.
- Consider ectopic pregnancy
- Abdominal or shoulder pain with shock in a woman of childbearing age is an emergency.
EMS Operations
占考试 14%- Scene safety comes first
- Assess for traffic, violence, fire, and toxins before approaching the patient.
- Use standard precautions
- Treat all blood and body fluids as infectious and wear appropriate PPE.
- Position apparatus to protect
- Block traffic at roadway incidents to shield the work area.
- Greatest good for the greatest number
- MCI triage prioritizes patients most likely to benefit from limited resources.
- Start by moving the walking wounded
- Direct those who can walk to a designated area to identify minor patients.
- Immediate for RR over 30
- A high respiratory rate flags a red (Immediate) patient in START.
- Immediate if breathing only after airway opening
- A patient who breathes only after repositioning is tagged red.
- Lift with the legs, keep the back straight
- Keep the load close and avoid twisting to protect the back.
- Emergency move for immediate danger
- Use when fire, explosion, or an unsafe scene threatens life.
- Non-urgent moves preserve stabilization
- When no immediate threat exists, use methods that protect the spine.
- Give a concise radio report
- Include age, chief complaint, vitals, treatment, and ETA so staff can prepare.
- Document thoroughly
- Accurate records support patient care and legal protection.
- Report tourniquet and time-critical facts
- Communicate interventions and their timing at handoff.
- Expressed consent
- A competent, informed patient specifically agrees to care.
- Implied consent
- Assumes an unresponsive patient would want life-saving care.
- Honor competent refusals
- A competent, informed adult may refuse care; document it thoroughly.
- Avoid abandonment
- Do not stop care without transferring to equal or higher-level providers.
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