Equipo de PrepPass · Verificado con California Department of Real Estate (DRE) · Cómo revisamos
Revisado por John Zihao Zhang — Licensed California Real Estate Salesperson (CA DRE #02222880 — verificar)
Gratis · imprimible · sin registro
Hoja de Repaso del Examen California Real Estate Salesperson (2026)
Una hoja de repaso gratis e imprimible del examen California Real Estate Salesperson: los 93 puntos de mayor rendimiento, agrupados en 6 secciones que siguen las áreas de contenido del examen.
- Gratis para leer, imprimir y guardar — sin registro, sin correo electrónico, sin muro de pago.
- 61 de los 93 puntos citan la regla de la que provienen.
- Se imprime desde el navegador (Ctrl-P, o Cmd-P en Mac): la navegación, los botones y los enlaces no salen en la copia impresa.
- 418 preguntas de práctica gratuitas de California Real Estate Salesperson sobre el mismo material, cada una explicada.
- Última actualización: agosto de 2026.
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En la guía de California Real Estate Salesperson Exam: Una caja de cifras clave, trampas nombradas y una autoevaluación con respuestas razonadas al cierre de cada uno de los 6 capítulos. La práctica aquí sigue siendo gratis.
Property Ownership and Land Use Controls
- A fee simple absolute is the highest and most complete form of ownership, of potentially unlimited duration and freely inheritable; California presumes a grant conveys fee simple unless a lesser estate is stated.
- · CA Civil Code
- A life estate lasts only for the duration of a measuring life, after which the property passes to a remainderman or reverts to the grantor.
- · CA Civil Code
- Leasehold estates, such as an estate for years with a fixed term and a periodic tenancy that renews until notice, give possession without ownership of the freehold.
- Joint tenancy carries the right of survivorship and requires the four unities of time, title, interest, and possession; a deceased joint tenant's share passes to the survivors, not to heirs.
- · CA Civil Code
- Tenants in common may hold unequal, freely transferable shares with no survivorship, and each share passes to that owner's heirs at death.
- · CA Civil Code
- Property acquired by either spouse during marriage other than by gift or inheritance is presumed community property, owned equally; community property with right of survivorship adds survivorship and a full basis step-up.
- · CA Family Code
- Ownership in severalty means title is held by one individual or single entity alone.
- Every lien is an encumbrance, but non-monetary encumbrances such as easements and deed restrictions are not liens.
- · CA Civil Code
- A mechanic's lien is a specific, involuntary lien available to contractors and suppliers who improve property and are not paid, and must be recorded and enforced within statutory time limits.
- · CA Civil Code
- The homestead exemption shields a portion of a homeowner's equity in a principal residence from most unsecured judgment creditors, but not from voluntary lienholders or tax liens.
- · CA Code of Civil Procedure
- An easement appurtenant benefits a dominant tenement and burdens a servient tenement, running with the land; an easement in gross benefits a person or entity with no dominant parcel.
- · CA Civil Code
- An easement by prescription arises from open, continuous, and hostile use of another's land for the statutory period.
- · CA Civil Code
- An encroachment is an unauthorized physical intrusion of a structure onto another's land, which can cloud title and reduce marketability.
- CC&Rs are private deed restrictions that run with the land and are enforced by the homeowners association or other lot owners.
- · CA Civil Code
- Zoning is a public land-use control imposed by government, distinct from private deed restrictions.
- · CA Government Code
- Adverse possession in California requires open, notorious, hostile, exclusive, and continuous occupation plus payment of property taxes for five years.
- · CA Code of Civil Procedure
Laws of Agency, Disclosures, and Fair Housing
- An agent owes the principal the fiduciary duties of Obedience, Loyalty, Disclosure, Confidentiality, Accounting, and Reasonable care (OLD CAR).
- · CA Civil Code
- Agency is typically created by an express agreement such as a written listing, and a written listing is required to enforce a commission claim in California.
- · CA Civil Code
- Dual agency, representing both buyer and seller, is legal only with the informed written consent of both principals, and the dual agent may not disclose one party's confidential price limits to the other.
- · CA Civil Code
- The Transfer Disclosure Statement (TDS) is required in sales of one-to-four residential units, requiring disclosure of known material facts about the property's condition.
- · CA Civil Code
- The agency disclosure form must be provided and the agency relationship elected and confirmed before the principal signs the purchase agreement.
- · CA Civil Code
- Sellers must provide a Natural Hazard Disclosure Statement and the statutory Megan's Law notice, and disclose known material facts affecting value or desirability.
- · CA Civil Code
- Federal law requires disclosure of known lead-based paint hazards for housing built before 1978.
- · CA Civil Code
- The federal Fair Housing Act protects race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, and familial status; California law adds classes such as marital status and source of income.
- · Fair Housing Act
- Steering, blockbusting, and redlining are prohibited discriminatory practices, and advertising may not express a preference based on protected classes.
- · Fair Housing Act
- The Unruh Civil Rights Act bars business establishments, including brokers, from arbitrary discrimination, and the Rumford Act prohibits housing discrimination.
- · CA Civil Code
- Landlords must allow reasonable accommodations and modifications for tenants with disabilities, including service and assistance animals despite a no-pets policy.
- · CA Government Code
- The Department of Real Estate licenses and regulates salespersons and brokers under the Real Estate Law, headed by the Real Estate Commissioner.
- · CA Business & Professions Code
- A salesperson must be at least 18, complete required courses, pass the exam, and work under the supervision of a licensed broker.
- · CA Business & Professions Code
- The Commissioner may investigate complaints and suspend or revoke licenses, and price fixing among competing brokerages violates antitrust law.
- · CA Business & Professions Code
- Under Easton v. Strassburger and later statute, a listing agent must conduct a reasonably competent visual inspection of accessible areas and disclose material defects found.
- · CA Civil Code
- Puffing, or exaggerated opinion, is generally not actionable, but false statements of material fact constitute misrepresentation.
- · CA Civil Code
- A death on the property occurring more than three years before an offer generally need not be voluntarily disclosed, but the agent may not misrepresent it if directly asked.
- · CA Civil Code
Real Estate Financing
- A California deed of trust involves three parties: the trustor (borrower), the beneficiary (lender), and the trustee, who holds bare legal title as security.
- · CA Civil Code
- Because deeds of trust contain a power of sale, lenders typically foreclose through a nonjudicial trustee's sale following statutory notice and timing requirements.
- · CA Civil Code
- An acceleration clause lets the lender demand the full balance on default, and a due-on-sale (alienation) clause lets the lender call the loan on sale or transfer.
- · CA Civil Code
- FHA loans are insured by the Federal Housing Administration and made by approved lenders; VA loans are guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs and often allow no down payment for eligible veterans.
- Under the Cal-Vet program the state buys the property and resells it to the eligible veteran, usually by contract of sale.
- A conventional loan is not insured or guaranteed by a government agency and may require private mortgage insurance when the down payment is under 20 percent.
- A fully amortized loan retires all principal and interest through equal periodic payments, while a balloon loan leaves a large final payment due at maturity.
- An adjustable-rate mortgage's rate equals a fixed margin plus a fluctuating index, with caps limiting rate changes.
- A prepayment penalty compensates the lender for early payoff and is limited by California law on many owner-occupied residential loans.
- · CA Civil Code
- One discount point equals one percent of the loan amount and is prepaid interest used to buy down the rate; points are calculated on the loan, not the purchase price.
- The loan-to-value ratio equals the loan amount divided by the property's value or price, and lenders cap LTV to limit risk.
- Simple annual interest equals the outstanding principal balance times the interest rate; divide by 12 for a monthly interest amount.
- RESPA requires disclosure of settlement costs and prohibits kickbacks and unearned referral fees in most federally related mortgage loans.
- · RESPA
- The Truth in Lending Act, implemented by Regulation Z, requires disclosure of the annual percentage rate and total finance charges.
- · Truth in Lending Act
- California usury law caps interest on certain private loans but exempts loans made or arranged by licensed real estate brokers and institutional lenders.
- · CA Constitution
Practice of Real Estate and Contracts
- An exclusive right to sell listing pays the broker a commission if the property sells during the term regardless of who procures the buyer, offering the greatest protection.
- · CA Civil Code
- In an open listing only the broker who procures the buyer earns a commission, and the owner may sell personally without owing a commission.
- · CA Civil Code
- A net listing lets the broker keep any amount above the seller's stated net price and is permitted only with full disclosure of the selling price and commission.
- · CA Business & Professions Code
- Under the statute of frauds, contracts for the sale of real property must be in writing and signed by the party to be charged to be enforceable.
- · CA Civil Code
- A valid contract requires capable parties, mutual consent, lawful object, and sufficient consideration.
- · CA Civil Code
- A counteroffer rejects the original offer and creates a new offer; an option gives the optionee a right, but not the obligation, to buy within a set time and price.
- · CA Civil Code
- A broker must place trust funds into a neutral escrow, a trust account, or the principal's hands not later than three business days after receipt, and never commingle them.
- · CA Business & Professions Code
- Using client trust funds for personal or business expenses is commingling and conversion, a serious violation subject to DRE discipline.
- · CA Business & Professions Code
- Licensees must deal honestly with all parties; making false statements about a competing listing is unethical and possibly fraudulent.
- · CA Business & Professions Code
- Leasing property and collecting rents for others for compensation are licensed activities, so a property manager generally must be a licensee or work under a broker.
- · CA Business & Professions Code
- California prohibits nonrefundable residential security deposits; all deposits must be refundable subject to lawful deductions and statutory caps.
- · CA Civil Code
- Property management agreements should be in writing and define the manager's duties and compensation.
- Commission equals the sale price times the commission rate; splits between listing and selling sides and between broker and salesperson are set by agreement.
- Proration divides shared expenses like taxes and dues between buyer and seller by the closing date, often using a 360-day year and $10 per day per $3,600 annual figure as an example.
- Area of a rectangle equals length times width, one acre equals 43,560 square feet, and profit or loss percentages are figured on the original cost.
Valuation and Appraisal
- The sales comparison approach values property by adjusting recent sales of comparable properties and is most reliable for single-family homes.
- The cost approach estimates value as land value plus the depreciated cost of improvements and suits new or special-purpose properties.
- The income approach values investment property by dividing net operating income by the capitalization rate; a gross rent multiplier relates price to gross income.
- The principle of substitution holds a buyer will pay no more than the cost of an equally desirable substitute, underlying the sales comparison approach.
- The principle of anticipation holds value reflects the present worth of expected future benefits, underlying the income approach.
- Conformity supports value through neighborhood uniformity; progression raises a lesser property's value near better ones, and regression lowers a superior property's value near lesser ones.
- Highest and best use is the reasonably probable, legal, physically possible, and financially feasible use that yields the highest value.
- Property is valued according to its highest and best use, not necessarily its current use.
- Assemblage combines adjacent parcels, and the resulting increase in value is called plottage.
- Physical deterioration is loss in value from ordinary wear, tear, and age of the improvements.
- Functional obsolescence is loss from outdated or undesirable features within the property, such as a poor floor plan.
- Economic or external obsolescence is loss from factors outside the property, such as a nearby nuisance, and is generally incurable.
- Market value is the most probable price a property should bring in a competitive, open market with a willing buyer and seller and adequate exposure.
- Assessed value is set by the county assessor for taxation; under Proposition 13 it is generally based on acquisition value with limited annual increases.
- · CA Revenue and Taxation Code
- A comparative market analysis is a licensee's informal pricing tool based on comparable listings and is not a certified appraisal.
Transfer of Property, Title, and Escrow
- A grant deed impliedly warrants the grantor has not already conveyed the property and that it is free of undisclosed encumbrances made by the grantor; it is the most common deed in California.
- · CA Civil Code
- A quitclaim deed conveys only whatever interest the grantor holds, with no warranties, and is often used to clear clouds on title.
- · CA Civil Code
- A general warranty deed contains the broadest express covenants, with the grantor defending title against all claims.
- · CA Civil Code
- Recording a document provides constructive notice, so the public is legally presumed to know of the recorded interest.
- · CA Civil Code
- The chain of title traces successive recorded owners, and a break creates a cloud on title; a preliminary title report discloses the current condition of title.
- · CA Civil Code
- To be recorded, a deed generally must be acknowledged before a notary public who verifies the grantor's identity.
- · CA Civil Code
- Title insurance indemnifies the insured against losses from title defects, liens, or encumbrances existing when the policy was issued.
- · CA Insurance Code
- It is a one-time premium covering past title problems, not future physical damage or market declines.
- · CA Insurance Code
- Lenders typically require a lender's title policy at closing to protect their security interest.
- An escrow holder is a neutral third party that holds documents and funds and carries out the parties' mutual written instructions.
- · CA Financial Code
- A valid escrow requires a binding underlying contract and conditional delivery of documents to the escrow holder.
- · CA Financial Code
- Escrow closes only when all agreed conditions are met, and the holder acts strictly and impartially.
- California's documentary transfer tax is generally $0.55 per $500 of value, calculated on the consideration paid less any assumed liens.
- · CA Revenue and Taxation Code
- Some cities impose an additional transfer tax on top of the county rate.
- · CA Revenue and Taxation Code
- The documentary transfer tax is typically paid at closing through escrow.
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Ahora demuestra que los sabes
Leer un esquema no es lo mismo que recordarlo bajo la presión del examen. Practica con las preguntas gratuitas de California Real Estate Salesperson para encontrar las áreas que fallas, y luego haz un simulacro completo con tiempo.
Material de apoyo, no un sustituto del material oficial: confirme siempre la regla vigente con California Department of Real Estate (DRE).