样题与解析

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1. 1. Reading

   Passage: "The tundra is the coldest of all biomes. It is famous for its frost-molded landscapes, low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons." According to the passage, which factor is NOT listed as a characteristic of the tundra?

   • a.Short growing seasons
   • b.Abundant rainfall
   • c.Poor nutrients
   • d.Low temperatures

   答案: b

   解析: The passage explicitly lists low temperatures, short growing seasons, and poor nutrients. It states the tundra has 'little precipitation,' which is the opposite of abundant rainfall. Therefore abundant rainfall is not a listed characteristic.

2. 2. Mathematics

   A rectangle has a length of 8 cm and a width of 5 cm. What is its area?

   • a.13 cm^2
   • b.26 cm^2
   • c.45 cm^2
   • d.40 cm^2

   答案: d

   解析: The area of a rectangle equals length times width: 8 cm x 5 cm = 40 cm^2. Area is always expressed in square units.

3. 3. Science

   Which of the following correctly orders levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

   • a.Cell, tissue, organ, organism
   • b.Tissue, cell, organ, organism
   • c.Organ, tissue, cell, organism
   • d.Organism, organ, tissue, cell

   答案: a

   解析: The correct order from smallest to largest is cell, tissue, organ, organism. Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs form the whole organism.

4. 4. Reading

   Passage: "Hospitals began requiring hand hygiene before every patient contact after several studies linked unwashed hands to the spread of infection. Within two years, infection rates on the units that enforced the rule had fallen by nearly half." Which statement best expresses the main idea of the passage?

   • a.Studies of infection are usually conducted inside large teaching hospitals
   • b.Enforcing hand hygiene lowered hospital infection rates
   • c.Infection rates fell for reasons the passage never identifies or explains
   • d.Hospital units that ignored the new rule were eventually closed by regulators

   答案: b

   解析: Both sentences work together to support one point: the rule was enforced and infections dropped. The passage never says where the studies were conducted, never mentions closures, and does identify a cause, so the remaining choices add information the text does not contain.

5. 5. Reading

   Passage: "Rain had been forecast, so Devon packed an umbrella. The sky stayed clear all afternoon, and he carried the umbrella for six hours without opening it." Which word best describes the tone?

   • a.Furious
   • b.Wry
   • c.Formal
   • d.Terrified

   答案: b

   解析: The detail of carrying an unopened umbrella for six hours produces gentle, ironic humor. Nothing in the account shows anger or fear, and the casual narration is not formal in register.

6. 6. Mathematics

   A monthly rent rose from $40 to $50 per parking space. What was the percent increase?

   • a.125%
   • b.20%
   • c.25%
   • d.10%

   答案: c

   解析: The increase is 10, and 10 / 40 = 0.25, which is 25 percent. Using 50 as the base gives 20 percent, 10 percent mistakes the raw increase for the rate, and 125 percent is the new rent as a share of the old rather than the increase.

7. 7. Mathematics

   A race is 10 kilometers long. Approximately how many miles is that? (1 mile = 1.6 kilometers)

   • a.16 miles
   • b.11.6 miles
   • c.10 miles
   • d.6.3 miles

   答案: d

   解析: Divide to convert: 10 / 1.6 = 6.25, about 6.3 miles. Multiplying by 1.6 gives 16 miles, adding gives 11.6, and 10 assumes a kilometer and a mile are the same length.

8. 8. Science

   Which tube carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

   • a.The ureter
   • b.The urethra
   • c.The renal artery
   • d.The vas deferens

   答案: a

   解析: The ureter runs from each kidney down to the bladder. The urethra carries urine from the bladder out of the body, the renal artery delivers blood into the kidney, and the vas deferens is part of the male reproductive tract.

9. 9. Science

   Which statement correctly distinguishes RNA from DNA?

   • a.RNA contains no sugar while DNA contains ribose
   • b.RNA is double-stranded while DNA is single-stranded
   • c.RNA contains uracil while DNA contains thymine
   • d.RNA is found only outside cells while DNA is inside

   答案: c

   解析: Uracil replaces thymine in RNA, and RNA also carries ribose rather than deoxyribose. RNA is typically single-stranded while DNA is a double helix, RNA is found inside cells, and both molecules contain a sugar.

10. 10. English & Language Usage

    What does the root 'derm' mean, as in 'dermatitis'?

    • a.Muscle
    • b.Blood
    • c.Bone
    • d.Skin

    答案: d

    解析: 'Derm' refers to skin, so dermatitis is inflammation of the skin. Bone is 'oste', blood is 'hem' or 'hemat', and muscle is 'my' or 'myo'.