Judicial Conduct
The MPRE also tests the ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct: independence and impartiality, ex parte communications, disqualification, and extrajudicial and political activity.
On the bench
Judges must avoid impropriety and its appearance and may not use the prestige of office for private gain. Ex parte communications about substance are barred, with narrow exceptions for scheduling, expert advice, court staff, consented settlement conferences, and communications authorized by law; judges may not investigate facts independently. Rule 2.11 requires disqualification whenever impartiality might reasonably be questioned, and most grounds, but not bias, can be waived by the parties outside the judge's presence.
Off the bench
Judges may not testify as character witnesses unless summoned, belong to discriminatory organizations, practice law, or personally solicit campaign contributions. The study guide lays out the gift, fiduciary, and business-activity rules in detail.
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