22 questions

Grammar for Academic English

The findings, ___ were published last year, have influenced current policy. Which choice is correct?

  • a.who
  • b.that
  • c.which
  • d.whom

In a non-defining relative clause set off by commas and referring to a thing, 'which' is required. 'That' cannot introduce a non-defining clause, and 'who' refers to people.

Grammar for Academic English

Researchers recommend that the sample ___ selected at random to reduce bias. Which choice is correct?

  • a.be
  • b.is
  • c.was
  • d.being

After 'recommend that', the subjunctive base form 'be' is used. The verb stays uninflected regardless of the subject.

Grammar for Academic English

The more data the team collected, the ___ their conclusions became. Which choice is correct?

  • a.confident
  • b.confidently
  • c.most confident
  • d.more confident

The 'the more..., the more...' structure requires a comparative in both halves: 'the more confident'. A superlative or plain adjective breaks the pattern.

Grammar for Academic English

Neither the hypothesis nor the results ___ consistent with earlier studies. Which choice is correct?

  • a.was
  • b.were
  • c.is
  • d.has been

With 'neither...nor', the verb agrees with the nearer subject. 'Results' is plural, so the plural verb 'were' is correct.

Grammar for Academic English

Having ___ the experiment three times, the students were confident in their results. Which choice is correct?

  • a.ran
  • b.run and
  • c.run
  • d.running

The perfect participle 'having' is followed by a past participle: 'having run'. 'Ran' is the simple past and cannot follow 'having'.

Academic Vocabulary

The study aims to ___ the relationship between sleep and memory. Which word best fits?

  • a.ignore
  • b.investigate
  • c.conceal
  • d.postpone

'Investigate' means to examine carefully, which fits the purpose of a study. The other verbs would not describe research aims.

Academic Vocabulary

The results were ___ with the researchers' original predictions. Which word best fits?

  • a.consistent
  • b.reluctant
  • c.curious
  • d.abundant

'Consistent with' means in agreement with, which fits results matching predictions. The other adjectives do not collocate with 'with' in this sense.

Academic Vocabulary

The author presents a ___ argument, supported by extensive evidence. Which word best fits?

  • a.vague
  • b.trivial
  • c.hesitant
  • d.compelling

A 'compelling' argument is convincing and strong, which fits being backed by extensive evidence. 'Vague' and 'trivial' would suggest a weak argument.

Academic Vocabulary

Further research is needed to ___ these preliminary findings. Which word best fits?

  • a.dismiss
  • b.exaggerate
  • c.confirm
  • d.ignore

To 'confirm' findings is to verify them, which is the goal of further research. The other verbs would undermine or overstate the findings.

Academic Vocabulary

The two theories offer ___ explanations for the same phenomenon. Which word best fits?

  • a.competing
  • b.identical
  • c.silent
  • d.grateful

'Competing' explanations are rival accounts of the same thing, which fits two different theories. 'Identical' would mean they are the same.

Word Forms

The committee will conduct a thorough ___ of the proposal. Which choice is correct?

  • a.analyze
  • b.analytical
  • c.analysis
  • d.analytically

After the adjective 'thorough', a noun is needed: 'analysis'. 'Analyze' is the verb and 'analytical' the adjective.

Word Forms

The data were ___ collected over a period of ten years. Which choice is correct?

  • a.system
  • b.systematically
  • c.systematic
  • d.systematize

The blank modifies the verb 'collected', so an adverb is needed: 'systematically'. 'Systematic' is the adjective.

Word Forms

The results provide strong ___ for the proposed model. Which choice is correct?

  • a.support
  • b.supportive
  • c.supportively
  • d.evidence

After the adjective 'strong', a noun completes the phrase; 'evidence' fits the meaning 'strong evidence for the model'. 'Supportive' is an adjective and would not follow 'strong' naturally here.

Word Forms

The professor asked us to ___ our sources at the end of the essay. Which choice is correct?

  • a.cite
  • b.citation
  • c.cited
  • d.citable

After 'to', the base verb is needed: 'cite'. 'Citation' is the noun and does not follow the infinitive marker.

Connectors & Prepositions

___ the limited sample size, the study offers valuable insights. Which choice is correct?

  • a.Because of
  • b.Despite
  • c.Due to
  • d.Owing to

'Despite' introduces a contrast: the small sample yet valuable insights. 'Because of' and 'due to' would signal cause, which does not fit the contrast.

Connectors & Prepositions

The first experiment failed; ___, the team revised its method. Which choice is correct?

  • a.nevertheless
  • b.for instance
  • c.consequently
  • d.in contrast

'Consequently' signals a result: the failure led to a revised method. 'Nevertheless' would imply contrast, which does not fit the cause-and-effect here.

Connectors & Prepositions

The theory accounts ___ several observations that earlier models could not explain. Which choice is correct?

  • a.for
  • b.to
  • c.with
  • d.on

The verb 'account' collocates with 'for' when it means to explain: 'accounts for several observations'. The other prepositions are not used in this sense.

Connectors & Prepositions

The lecture focused ___ the ethical implications of the research. Which choice is correct?

  • a.at
  • b.to
  • c.in
  • d.on

The verb 'focus' takes the preposition 'on': 'focused on the ethical implications'. The other prepositions do not collocate with 'focus'.

Common Usage Errors

Which sentence is written in correct academic English?

  • a.The experiment was consisted of three stages.
  • b.The experiment consisted of three stages.
  • c.The experiment was consist of three stages.
  • d.The experiment consisting of three stages.

'Consist of' is not used in the passive; it is active: 'consisted of three stages'. Adding 'was' before it is a common error.

Common Usage Errors

Which sentence corrects the error in 'This research is different than previous studies'?

  • a.This research is different to than previous studies.
  • b.This research is more different than previous studies.
  • c.This research is different from previous studies.
  • d.This research is differ from previous studies.

In formal written English, 'different' is followed by 'from': 'different from previous studies'. 'Different than' is considered nonstandard in academic writing.

Common Usage Errors

Which sentence uses the academic phrase correctly?

  • a.The data suggest that the effect is significant.
  • b.The data suggests to that the effect is significant.
  • c.The data is suggesting that the effect is significant.
  • d.The data suggest about that the effect is significant.

'Data' is treated as plural in formal writing ('data suggest'), and 'suggest' is followed directly by a 'that' clause. No preposition comes between them.

Common Usage Errors

Which sentence is free of usage errors?

  • a.There is a number of factors that affects the outcome.
  • b.There is a number of factors that affect the outcome.
  • c.There are a number of factors that affects the outcome.
  • d.There are a number of factors that affect the outcome.

'A number of factors' is plural, so it takes 'are', and the relative clause verb also agrees with the plural 'factors': 'that affect the outcome.'

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