5 questions

Grammar for Academic English

The findings, ___ were published last year, have influenced current policy. Which choice is correct?

  • a.which✓
  • b.that
  • c.whom
  • d.who

In a non-defining relative clause set off by commas and referring to a thing, 'which' is required. 'That' cannot introduce a non-defining clause, and 'who' refers to people.

Grammar for Academic English

Researchers recommend that the sample ___ selected at random to reduce bias. Which choice is correct?

  • a.be✓
  • b.is
  • c.being
  • d.was

After 'recommend that', the subjunctive base form 'be' is used. The verb stays uninflected regardless of the subject.

Grammar for Academic English

The more data the team collected, the ___ their conclusions became. Which choice is correct?

  • a.confidently
  • b.more confident✓
  • c.confident
  • d.most confident

The 'the more..., the more...' structure requires a comparative in both halves: 'the more confident'. A superlative or plain adjective breaks the pattern.

Grammar for Academic English

Neither the hypothesis nor the results ___ consistent with earlier studies. Which choice is correct?

  • a.has been
  • b.was
  • c.were✓
  • d.is

With 'neither...nor', the verb agrees with the nearer subject. 'Results' is plural, so the plural verb 'were' is correct.

Grammar for Academic English

Having ___ the experiment three times, the students were confident in their results. Which choice is correct?

  • a.run and
  • b.ran
  • c.run✓
  • d.running

The perfect participle 'having' is followed by a past participle: 'having run'. 'Ran' is the simple past and cannot follow 'having'.

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