CSLB General Building (B) — All Questions
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What software layer creates and manages virtual machines on a host?
- a.Device driver
- b.Firmware
- c.Hypervisor✓
- d.Bootloader
A hypervisor abstracts physical hardware and allocates it to virtual machines. Firmware, drivers, and bootloaders serve other low-level roles and do not manage VMs.
Which type of hypervisor runs directly on the physical hardware without a host OS?
- a.Type 2 (hosted)
- b.Container engine
- c.Emulator
- d.Type 1 (bare-metal)✓
A Type 1 bare-metal hypervisor installs directly on hardware for maximum performance, as in enterprise virtualization. A Type 2 hypervisor runs on top of an existing OS.
In cloud computing, what does IaaS provide?
- a.Virtualized compute, storage, and networking infrastructure✓
- b.Finished applications only
- c.Only a development platform
- d.Physical office space
Infrastructure as a Service delivers virtual machines, storage, and networking that customers manage themselves. SaaS delivers finished apps and PaaS provides a development platform.
Which cloud model delivers ready-to-use applications over the internet, such as web-based email?
- a.IaaS
- b.SaaS✓
- c.PaaS
- d.On-premises
Software as a Service provides fully managed applications accessed through a browser, like webmail or online office suites. IaaS and PaaS provide lower-level infrastructure and platforms.
What is a key benefit of cloud elasticity?
- a.Fixed capacity regardless of demand
- b.No internet requirement
- c.Resources scale up or down automatically with demand✓
- d.Permanent local storage
Elasticity lets cloud resources expand or contract automatically to match workload demand, controlling cost and performance. Fixed capacity is the opposite of elasticity.
Which characteristic distinguishes a public cloud from a private cloud?
- a.It runs only on a single laptop
- b.It can never scale
- c.It has no virtualization
- d.It is hosted by a third-party provider and shared among tenants✓
A public cloud is operated by a provider and shares multi-tenant infrastructure among many customers. A private cloud is dedicated to a single organization.
What technology packages an application with its dependencies to run consistently across environments, sharing the host OS kernel?
- a.Container✓
- b.Full virtual machine
- c.Disk image backup
- d.BIOS update
Containers bundle an app and its dependencies and share the host kernel, making them lightweight and portable. A full VM includes an entire guest OS and is heavier.
A VM needs more processing power. Which resource does the administrator typically adjust in the hypervisor?
- a.The number of physical monitors
- b.Allocated vCPUs and RAM✓
- c.The office thermostat
- d.The keyboard layout
Administrators tune a VM's assigned virtual CPUs and memory in the hypervisor to change its performance. Physical peripherals and environmental settings are unrelated to VM resource allocation.
What is a common purpose of virtualization in a test lab?
- a.To eliminate all networking
- b.To increase monitor size
- c.To run multiple isolated OS environments on one machine✓
- d.To remove the need for backups
Virtualization lets a single physical machine host multiple isolated operating systems for testing and development. It does not remove networking or the need for backups.
Which cloud deployment combines on-premises resources with public cloud services working together?
- a.Air-gapped network
- b.Community cloud
- c.Bare-metal only
- d.Hybrid cloud✓
A hybrid cloud integrates private/on-premises infrastructure with public cloud so workloads can move between them. A community cloud is shared among related organizations, unlike a hybrid mix.
What does 'measured service' mean in cloud computing?
- a.Usage is metered so customers pay for what they consume✓
- b.Service quality is guessed
- c.Resources are unlimited and free
- d.Only one user is allowed
Measured service means the provider meters resource usage so billing reflects actual consumption, a core cloud characteristic. It is the basis of pay-as-you-go pricing.
Before creating multiple VMs on a host, which physical resource is most important to verify is sufficient?
- a.Number of USB ports
- b.Available CPU cores, RAM, and storage on the host✓
- c.Color of the case
- d.Brand of the mouse
The host must have enough CPU, memory, and storage to allocate across all planned VMs without overcommitting to the point of poor performance. Cosmetic and peripheral details are irrelevant.