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El Formulario Especial DP-3 asegura la vivienda y otras estructuras bajo riesgos abiertos (todo riesgo), es decir, cubre cualquier causa de pérdida que no esté específicamente excluida. Sin embargo, los bienes personales bajo DP-3 siguen siendo cubiertos por riesgos nombrados. DP-1 utiliza riesgos nombrados en todo, DP-2 utiliza riesgos nombrados más amplios en todo, y HO-3 es un formulario de propietario, no de vivienda.

El Formulario Básico DP-1 liquida las pérdidas sobre la base del valor real en efectivo (ACV), es decir, el costo de reposición menos depreciación. La cobertura por costo de reposición sobre la vivienda generalmente solo está disponible en DP-2 y DP-3 (sujeta a la condición de coaseguro del 80%). El valor acordado y el costo de reposición funcional no son los métodos predeterminados en DP-1.

Los formularios ISO de Propiedad de Vivienda están diseñados para viviendas residenciales de una a cuatro familias, ya sea ocupadas por el propietario o por inquilinos. Un edificio de seis unidades excede el límite de cuatro familias y debe asegurarse mediante un programa comercial o de edificio de apartamentos. Una tienda de conveniencia es un riesgo comercial, y la cobertura interior de un condominio corresponde a un formulario HO-6 de propietario.

Bajo los formularios estándar ISO de Propiedad de Vivienda, la Cobertura B (Otras Estructuras) se proporciona automáticamente al 10% del límite de la Cobertura A. Con $300,000 de Cobertura A, la Cobertura B es $30,000. El 10% es seguro adicional en DP-2 y DP-3, mientras que en DP-1 se incluye dentro del límite de la Cobertura A salvo que se elija una opción.

Los Gastos Adicionales de Vivienda (Cobertura E) se incluyen como cobertura estándar solo en DP-2 y DP-3, reconociendo que esos formularios más amplios suelen asegurar viviendas ocupadas por sus dueños, donde el desplazamiento genera costos extra. DP-1 ofrece Valor de Renta Justa (Cobertura D), pero no incluye ALE salvo que se añada mediante endoso.

A diferencia de una póliza de propietario, los formularios de Propiedad de Vivienda (DP-1, DP-2, DP-3) son contratos exclusivamente de bienes y NO contienen cobertura de responsabilidad civil personal ni de pagos médicos en el formulario base. La responsabilidad personal (Cobertura L) y los pagos médicos (Cobertura M) deben añadirse por endoso, generalmente el Suplemento de Responsabilidad Personal, para ofrecer una protección similar a la Sección II de una póliza de propietario.

La condición estándar ISO de costo de reposición exige que el asegurado mantenga una cobertura equivalente al menos al 80% del valor total de reposición de la vivienda en el momento de la pérdida. Si el asegurado tiene menos del 80%, la aseguradora paga el mayor entre el ACV o una parte proporcional de la pérdida. Contratar el 100% garantiza el pago total, pero el umbral para activar el beneficio de costo de reposición es del 80%.

Las pólizas estándar de vivienda no incluyen el robo como riesgo cubierto. El asegurado puede contratar un Endoso de Cobertura de Robo (Robo Amplio o Robo Limitado, según la ocupación) para añadir el riesgo, generalmente con sublímites sobre artículos de alto riesgo como joyas, armas de fuego y platería. Esto contrasta con una póliza de propietario, en la que el robo se incluye automáticamente.

Los formularios ISO de Propiedad de Vivienda contienen una condición de desocupación que establece que si la vivienda ha permanecido desocupada más de 60 días consecutivos inmediatamente antes de la pérdida, la aseguradora no pagará daños por vandalismo o daño malicioso, rotura de cristales, fuga de rociadores, robo (si se añadió por endoso) ni daños por agua. La cobertura de otros riesgos como el incendio sigue vigente sujeta a las demás condiciones.

Un dúplex (vivienda de dos familias) alquilado a inquilinos es elegible para el programa de Propiedad de Vivienda porque tiene cuatro o menos unidades. Para obtener la protección más amplia del edificio (riesgos abiertos con costo de reposición sujeto a coaseguro del 80%), el Formulario Especial DP-3 es el más adecuado. DP-1 es el más limitado. HO-4 y HO-6 son formularios de inquilino y condominio diseñados para ocupantes, no para dueños del edificio.

La Cobertura D, Valor de Renta Justa, reembolsa al asegurado nombrado por la pérdida de ingresos por alquiler de la parte de la vivienda alquilada o disponible para alquiler, menos los gastos que no continúan, mientras la vivienda sea inhabitable por un riesgo cubierto. La Cobertura E (ALE) aplica cuando el asegurado nombrado debe desocupar la unidad que él mismo habita, lo cual no ocurre aquí.

DP-2 es un formulario de riesgos nombrados que añade los llamados "riesgos amplios" a la lista básica de DP-1, incluyendo objetos que caen; peso de hielo, nieve o aguanieve; descarga o desbordamiento accidental de agua o vapor; rotura súbita y accidental de un sistema de calefacción; congelamiento de tuberías; y daños súbitos por corriente eléctrica generada artificialmente. Los riesgos abiertos sobre la vivienda son la característica de DP-3. Terremoto e inundación están excluidos en todos los formularios DP.

Todos los formularios ISO de Propiedad de Vivienda excluyen el movimiento de tierra (terremoto, deslizamiento, flujo de lodo, sumidero) así como inundación, ordenanza o ley, negligencia, guerra, riesgo nuclear y pérdida intencional. La cobertura de terremoto debe contratarse por separado; en California suele ser a través de la California Earthquake Authority o de una póliza privada de terremoto.

El Endoso de Bienes Personales Detallados (también conocido como cédula de artículos personales o flotante marítimo interior) lista artículos específicos de alto valor con descripción y límite, brindando una cobertura más amplia y normalmente de riesgos abiertos, evitando los sublímites de la Cobertura C para joyas, obras de arte, armas de fuego y bienes similares. La cobertura de ordenanza o ley cubre costos por códigos de construcción, el endoso de costo de reposición mejora la base de liquidación y el endoso de terremoto cubre el terremoto.

Los formularios ISO de Vivienda excluyen los costos de construcción incrementados por el cumplimiento de cualquier ordenanza o ley que regule la construcción, reparación o demolición. El Endoso de Ordenanza o Ley reincorpora la cobertura, generalmente como un porcentaje de la Cobertura A, para el costo adicional de cumplir los códigos durante la reparación o reconstrucción. La Cobertura A por sí sola no incluye esta recompra de la exclusión.

Los bienes personales bajo todos los formularios DP se liquidan al valor real en efectivo (ACV), es decir, el costo de reposición menos depreciación. Existe un Endoso de Costo de Reposición de Bienes Personales que cambia la base de liquidación de la Cobertura C al costo de reposición. El valor acordado aplica a ciertos contratos comerciales, no a los bienes personales estándar de vivienda.

Dwelling (DP) policies are designed primarily for property coverage on residences, including rentals and non-owner-occupied homes, and they do not automatically include personal liability or medical payments coverage; liability must be added by endorsement. Homeowners policies package property and personal liability together. This makes the Dwelling form flexible for landlords and situations that do not fit a standard Homeowners eligibility.

The Dwelling Special form (DP-3) is the broadest, insuring the dwelling and other structures on an open-perils (all-risk) basis while covering personal property on a named-perils basis. The Basic form (DP-1) is the narrowest, covering a short list of named perils, and the Broad form (DP-2) adds more named perils but is still not open-perils. Broader coverage generally means higher premium.

In the Dwelling program, Coverage A insures the dwelling structure itself. Coverage B insures other structures, Coverage C insures personal property, Coverage D provides fair rental value if a rented dwelling becomes uninhabitable, and Coverage E provides additional living expense for an owner-occupant. Knowing the standardized coverage letters is essential and is consistent across the country.

Fair Rental Value (Coverage D) reimburses a landlord for lost rental income when a covered peril makes the rented dwelling unfit to live in, limited to the time reasonably required to repair. Additional Living Expense (Coverage E) instead pays the extra costs an owner-occupant incurs to maintain a normal standard of living elsewhere. The two coverages address different insureds: a landlord versus a resident owner.

Homeowners forms are eligible only while the named insured occupies the dwelling as a residence, so once the owner moves out and rents the house to others the risk belongs in the dwelling program. The notion that a homeowners policy cannot insure a one-family house is backwards, since that is the risk it was built for. Renting does not limit recovery to market value either.

Dwelling forms are written for residences holding a small number of family units, so a twelve-unit apartment building is a commercial habitational risk that belongs on a commercial property or package policy. Seasonal dwellings, rented dwellings, and dwellings under construction are all ordinary dwelling-program risks. Owner occupancy is not required by the dwelling forms.

Builders risk insures a structure while it is being built along with the materials and supplies at the site that will become part of it. General liability answers third-party injury and damage claims, not damage to the builder's own work in progress. A floater written on a finished home responds to nothing during the construction period.

A building under construction is written to its completed value, because the amount at risk climbs toward that figure as the work goes on and the form measures any loss against the work actually in place. Setting the limit at the work finished so far would leave the insured short within weeks. Land, permits, and the builder's profit are not covered property.

Vandalism or malicious mischief is suspended once the dwelling has been vacant beyond the period the form allows, because an empty building is a far easier target; the other perils keep running. The policy does not cut the payment in half. Vacancy is not limited in its effect to theft, which the unendorsed dwelling policy does not insure in the first place.

Fire, lightning, and internal explosion are the three perils the unendorsed basic form insures, so an explosion occurring inside the described dwelling is covered as the form stands. The endorsement answer confuses this with the broader explosion peril that reaches blasts originating outside the building. The form pays the resulting building damage, not merely appliances.

The basic form's explosion peril reaches only an explosion occurring inside the described dwelling, while extended coverage substitutes a broader explosion peril that includes a blast originating outside the building. Vandalism, liability, and theft endorsements each add something else entirely and would leave this wall unpaid. Extended coverage also brings windstorm or hail, riot, aircraft, vehicles, smoke, and volcanic eruption.

Extended coverage adds windstorm or hail, explosion, riot or civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke, and volcanic eruption. Vandalism or malicious mischief is a separate endorsement bought after extended coverage is already on the policy, and it carries its own vacancy condition. Riot, aircraft damage, and volcanic ash all sit inside the extended coverage group itself.

The smoke peril covers sudden and accidental smoke damage, so a furnace puff-back that coats the interior is paid. Smoke from agricultural smudging and smoke from industrial operations are written out of the peril itself. Staining that builds up over years is neither sudden nor accidental, so the wording decides all four of these situations the same way.

The windstorm peril reaches rain, snow, or sleet driven inside only when the wind or hail first makes an opening in the roof or an outside wall. A window the occupants left open is not an opening the storm created, so the water damage stays with the family. Calling carpet real property is not the reason; the missing element is the storm-made opening.

The vehicles peril does not pay for damage to fences, driveways, or walks caused by a vehicle owned or operated by someone living at the described location, so the owner's own pickup puts this loss outside the peril. A fence is covered property as another structure; it is the identity of the driver that removes the coverage. The deductible never becomes the issue here.

Volcanic action covers the airborne blast and shock waves of an eruption together with the ash, dust, and particulate matter it throws out, and a lava flow. The earth movement wording keeps out the tremors and land shock waves that accompany an eruption, and settling of soil is excluded earth movement as well. Flood stays excluded whatever set it off.

Weight of ice, snow, or sleet is one of the perils the broad form adds, so a basic form carrying only extended coverage does not insure it and this collapse goes unpaid. Windstorm or hail answers wind and hailstones, not a static snow load resting on a roof. Falling objects means something striking from outside, not the building's own accumulated load, and a detached garage is covered property as another structure.

Accidental discharge or overflow of water is a broad form peril that pays for the damage the escaping water causes, while the system or appliance the water came from is not itself covered under that peril. Replacing the split pipe is therefore the owner's own cost. Treating escaping water as excluded altogether describes the basic form rather than the broad form.

The freezing peril applies only where the insured used reasonable care to maintain heat in the building or shut off the water supply and drained the system. Letting an empty house go cold with water still standing in the lines takes the loss outside the peril, even though freezing is otherwise insured on the broad form. The age of the pipe is not what decides it.

Falling objects pays for damage inside the building only when the falling object first damages the roof or an outside wall, and here the limb did damage the roof, so the interior crack is covered as well. Had the ceiling cracked with the roof untouched, the interior damage would not be paid. The peril is not limited to the cost of removing the limb.

A tenant may buy a dwelling policy on household goods, and building additions and alterations made at the tenant's own expense are insured under the personal property coverage, subject to a limit the form states. Treating them as part of the landlord's building would leave the tenant nothing for what she paid for. The landlord's consent is not a coverage condition.

Theft of the insured's property is not a peril any dwelling form insures, so it comes only from a theft endorsement written onto the policy. Moving to the broad or special form adds perils such as weight of ice and snow and accidental discharge of water, and extended coverage adds windstorm, riot, aircraft, and the rest. A bigger limit cannot create a peril that is absent.

Open perils means every cause of loss except the ones the form excludes, and earth movement is a standard exclusion, so shifting soil is unpaid even on the broadest dwelling form. The error is reading open perils as unlimited. Collapse wording does not restore a cause of loss the policy already excluded, and the special form insures the dwelling, not contents alone.

Motorized equipment used to service the described location and not licensed for road use, such as a lawn tractor, is insured personal property, while a car licensed for the road is not. Dwelling forms list money and securities as property not covered, which is one place they are narrower than a homeowners form. Property of roomers unrelated to the insured is outside the coverage too.

Other structures coverage does not apply to a structure rented or held for rental to anyone who is not a tenant of the described dwelling, unless the structure is used only as a private garage. A cottage let to an unrelated student is exactly that excluded use, so the fire loss falls outside the coverage. Rent collected is not netted against a building loss.

Fair rental value pays the rent the dwelling would have earned less the expenses that do not continue while it stands empty: $1,800 minus $200 is $1,600 a month, and three months of that is $4,800. Paying the full $5,400 ignores the saved expenses and hands the owner more than the actual loss. The coverage runs for the time reasonably required to repair.

Additional living expense pays the increase in living costs rather than the whole bill, so $3,900 less the $2,400 the family would have spent anyway leaves $1,500 a month. Paying the full $3,900 would leave them better off than before the fire, which indemnity does not allow. The coverage runs for the shortest time needed to repair or to settle elsewhere.

The basic form settles building losses at actual cash value, which is replacement cost minus depreciation: $60,000 less $18,000 is $42,000. The deductible then comes off that settlement, leaving a check for $41,000. Taking the deductible off replacement cost and ignoring depreciation would produce $59,000, which is not how the basic form settles a loss.

The condition asks for insurance of at least 80% of $250,000, which is $200,000. Only $150,000 was carried, so the replacement cost settlement is cut to the ratio of $150,000 to $200,000, or 75%, and 75% of the $40,000 loss is $30,000. The insured absorbs the difference for carrying less than the form asks, with actual cash value available as the alternative measure.

Dwelling coverages are written separately, so an owner living elsewhere can buy dwelling coverage alone while a tenant buys personal property coverage alone; a homeowners policy packages the coverages and requires an amount on the dwelling. Contents are settled at actual cash value, not resale market value, and theft comes only by endorsement. Deductibles apply under either policy.

The dwelling forms are property forms with no liability section, so personal liability and medical payments to others must be endorsed onto the policy before a visitor's injury claim can be paid. Coverage E on a dwelling policy is additional living expense rather than liability, so raising it does nothing for this claim. Vandalism and extended coverage add property perils only.

A landlord's dwelling policy insures the landlord's building and the landlord's own personal property kept at the location, such as appliances and furnishings supplied with the house, while the tenant's belongings are the tenant's to insure. The contents limit on that policy belongs to the landlord. An insurer cannot create coverage by paying and then pursuing the tenant.