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根据加州保险法§1625.5，个人险种执照涵盖个人汽车以及个人持有的一至四户住宅。以客户本人名义持有的独栋出租房既符合DP资格规则（不超过四户），也符合个人险种执照范围，是住宅保单房东用途的典型案例。六户建筑超过DP四户上限，办公楼属于个人险种之外的商业火险风险，公寓协会公共区域则属于商业住宅风险，应使用单独的商业保单。

DP-3特别表格以开放危险方式承保住宅和其他建筑——除非明确除外，任何损失原因均承保——同时个人财产仍按指名危险清单承保。DP-1全部采用指名危险，DP-2全部采用扩展的指名危险，HO-4为租户保单（仅内容物），并非住宅表格。

DP-1按实际现金价值（ACV）赔付住宅损失，即重置成本减去折旧。住宅按重置成本赔付通常仅在DP-2和DP-3下可用（即便如此也须满足80%共保条件）。约定价值和功能性重置成本均非DP-1默认方式。

D项保障即公平租金价值，当承保损失导致出租住宅不宜居住时，赔付房东在合理修复或重建期间损失的租金收入。E项保障即附加生活费用，赔付被保险人因自住住宅无法居住而产生的额外费用——并非房东损失的租金。B项和C项分别针对其他建筑和个人财产，与租金收入无关。

住宅保单是纯财产合同；任何DP基础表格——包括DP-3——均不包含第二部分保障（无个人责任、无医疗费用）。房东必须加挂个人责任补充批单或购买单独的责任保单或伞式保单以防范滑倒摔伤诉讼。A项保障承保建筑本身，不承保诉讼，DP亦无自动30万美元责任限额。

根据DP空置条款，住宅在损失发生前连续空置超过60天后，保险公司将不赔付故意破坏或恶意损害、玻璃破碎、自动喷淋系统漏水、水渍损失，以及盗窃（如已加批单）造成的损失。75天空置已越过60天门槛，因此该故意破坏损失被除外。火灾等其他危险仍会承保。

80%共保要求被保险人至少投保0.80 × 50万 = 40万美元。业主仅投保30万美元。比例分摊额 = (30万 / 40万) × 6万 = 4.5万，扣除1,000美元免赔额 = 44,000美元。保险公司按ACV与该比例分摊额两者中较大者赔付；假定ACV相近或较低，则赔付44,000美元。差额即因投保不足产生的共保处罚。

B项保障（其他建筑）按A项的10%自动提供。40万 × 10% = 40,000美元。在DP-2和DP-3下，该额度为附加保险，即不减少A项限额。如有需要，被保险人可通过批单购买更高的B项限额。

DP-2在DP-1基础清单之上加入扩展危险，包括坠物；冰、雪或冰雹重量；水或蒸汽的意外排放；管道冻结；以及突然电气损坏。地震和洪水在所有DP表格中均被除外，须另行投保（CEA、NFIP）。数周内持续渗漏的水作为维护问题被除外——扩展表格只承保突然且意外的排放。

在每一种住宅财产表格下，个人财产默认按实际现金价值（ACV）赔付。若要将C项保障升级为重置成本，被保险人须加入个人财产重置成本批单。保证重置成本和功能性重置成本均非DP C项的标准赔付方式。

盗窃在任何DP表格中均非基础危险。业主自住的DP可加入广泛盗窃保障批单；非业主自住（出租）住宅则使用有限盗窃保障批单，对珠宝、枪支、银器等高被盗物品设有分项限额。即便是DP-3的开放危险语言也是针对住宅建筑结构，并不承保个人财产盗窃，亦不存在自动盗窃保障。

E项保障即附加生活费用，赔付被保险人因自住住宅无法居住而产生的额外费用，包括酒店、餐饮等生活开销。E项在DP-2和DP-3标准提供，但DP-1默认不含。D项赔付损失的租金收入（房东情景），并非业主本人的生活成本。A项和C项分别针对建筑和个人财产。

在任何住宅保单表格下，地震均被除外。希望获得地震保障的加州房东必须通过单独批单获得，或更常见地通过参与保险公司购买加州地震局（CEA）配套保单。洪水同样被除外，须通过国家洪水保险计划（NFIP）获得。DP-3的开放危险语言须遵守保单具体除外条款，而这些除外项包含地壳运动和洪水。

一个关键区别在于DP不要求业主自住，因此是出租和季节性住宅的标准保单；而房主保单要求被保险人将住宅作为居所。DP并不自动包含个人责任——那是房主保单。DP和HO均限于一至四户住宅，两者均将地震除外。

共保处罚适用于部分损失而非全损。全损情况下，保单限额即保险公司赔付上限；本案限额为30万美元，且被保险人投保金额等于重置成本100%。保险公司按30万美元保单限额赔付（须扣除免赔额，本题已说明忽略）。加州保险法§2051规定全损的估值方式。

住宅保单基础表格不含责任保障，正确做法是加挂个人责任补充批单（增加L项责任和M项医疗费用，并可列明附加位置），或单独投保房东责任保单。A项仅承保建筑损坏，不能挪用于诉讼。D项赔付房东损失的租金，不赔付租户人身伤害索赔。法规或法律批单加入的是建筑规范升级费用，并非责任保障。

A Dwelling policy (DP form) is designed for residential property, including non-owner-occupied rentals, and can cover the building and fair rental value. It does not automatically include personal liability, which can be added by endorsement. HO-4 covers a tenant's contents, HO-6 covers a condo unit owner, and neither fits a landlord who needs building and rental-income coverage.

The DP-3 (Special) form is the broadest Dwelling form, insuring the dwelling and other structures on an open-perils basis while covering personal property on a named-perils basis. The DP-1 (Basic) covers a short list of named perils and is narrowest, and the DP-2 (Broad) covers more named perils but is still not open-perils. There is no standard DP-0 form.

Fair Rental Value (Coverage D) reimburses the owner for the rental income lost while a covered peril makes the rented dwelling unfit to live in, limited to the time reasonably required to repair. Coverage A insures the structure, Coverage B other structures, and Coverage C personal property. Fair rental value protects the landlord's income rather than the physical property itself.

A Dwelling policy is primarily a property policy and does not automatically include personal liability or medical payments coverage; liability must be added by endorsement. A Homeowners policy packages property and personal liability together. This flexibility makes the Dwelling policy suitable for rentals and homes that do not qualify for Homeowners coverage, where liability may be handled differently.

The dwelling policy is a property-only contract, and it is regularly written on rental, seasonal, and other homes the owner does not occupy, though an owner-occupant may also buy one. The choice describing an automatic liability and theft package states the homeowners package instead: on a dwelling form both are added by endorsement.

The dwelling program is written for residential buildings holding only a few family units, the standard limit being a dwelling of no more than four families. The twenty-unit complex and the hotel are commercial habitational risks rated on other forms, and a building whose principal use is a restaurant is a mercantile exposure rather than a dwelling.

Seasonal dwellings are within the dwelling program, which is one reason producers reach for it when a homeowners form does not fit the occupancy. The answer requiring year-round occupancy confuses eligibility with the vacancy condition, which suspends certain perils after a stated period rather than barring the policy from being written.

The basic dwelling form names exactly three perils of its own: fire, lightning, and internal explosion. Everything else is bought on. The list naming windstorm and vandalism describes perils that arrive only with the extended coverage group and the separate vandalism endorsement, and flood and earth movement are excluded on every dwelling form.

Extended coverage is a fixed group: windstorm or hail, explosion, riot or civil commotion, aircraft, vehicles, smoke, and volcanic eruption. Vandalism is not in that group; it is added separately. Collapse and accidental water discharge belong to the broad form's longer peril list, and flood and earthquake stay excluded on all dwelling forms.

Windstorm reaches a dwelling policy only through the extended coverage endorsement, so an unendorsed basic form pays nothing for wind-torn shingles. The answer settling the claim at depreciated value states the basic form's loss settlement rule correctly but applies it to a peril the form does not insure, and roof surfaces are covered property under the dwelling limit.

Vandalism and malicious mischief is its own endorsement, commonly written once extended coverage is already on the policy. It is not part of the extended coverage group, which stops at smoke and volcanic eruption, and it is certainly not one of the three perils the basic form names on its own. The broad form, by contrast, includes it.

Dwelling forms suspend vandalism and malicious mischief once the building has been vacant beyond the number of consecutive days the policy states, so a vandalism loss after that point falls outside coverage. Vandalism can plainly be insured on a dwelling policy, so the answer calling it unavailable is wrong, and no dwelling form pays a flat half share.

The broad form stays a named-peril contract but stretches the list, picking up items such as damage by burglars, falling objects, weight of ice and snow, accidental discharge of water, and freezing. Open perils on the dwelling is the special form's feature, and no dwelling form insures contents on an open-perils basis.

The special form splits the policy: the dwelling and other structures are written open perils, while personal property keeps the broad form's named-peril list. The answer giving contents open perils describes a homeowners form built that way, and the answer keeping the dwelling on named perils describes the broad form instead.

The special form's value is its open-perils wording on the building: instead of matching the loss to a listed peril, the insured is covered unless the policy excludes the cause. Neither form includes liability, which is endorsed on, and moving to the special form raises rather than lowers the premium while leaving the deductible in place.

Open-perils wording reverses the usual burden. The insured shows a direct physical loss, and the insurer must point to an exclusion to deny it. The answer making the insured name the peril states the rule for a named-perils form such as the basic or broad dwelling policy, where the loss must be matched to a listed cause.

Coverage A insures the dwelling shown on the declarations, including structures attached to it, plus materials and supplies on the premises for its repair. Detached garages, sheds, and fences sit under the other structures coverage, and household contents belong to the personal property coverage, whoever owns them.

Structures on the described premises that are separated from the dwelling by clear space are insured under the other structures coverage, and a detached garage is the standard example. The dwelling coverage would apply only if the garage were attached, and the fair rental value coverage responds to lost rent, not to a burned building.

The other structures coverage does not extend to a structure rented or held for rental to anyone who is not a tenant of the dwelling, with a private garage as the recognised exception. The answer covering it with no condition ignores that carve-out, and renting a structure does not by itself convert the premises into a commercial risk.

On a dwelling policy the personal property amount is chosen and shown on the declarations rather than derived from the building limit, which is why a landlord can carry a small contents amount or none at all. The percentage answer describes the homeowners architecture, where the contents limit is set as a share of the dwelling limit.

Animals, birds, and fish sit on the dwelling forms' property-not-covered list, alongside motor vehicles and aircraft, so the bird is outside the contents coverage entirely. The appliances and tools are ordinary household property usual to the occupancy of a dwelling and are insured up to the personal property limit shown on the declarations.

The dwelling forms follow contents off the premises, but only up to the share of the personal property limit the form states, and the same perils apply. The answer giving the full limit worldwide overstates it, and the answer cutting coverage off at the property line ignores the off-premises extension the form contains.

Fair rental value replaces the rental income the described premises would have produced during the time needed to repair covered damage. It is not a credit device: unpaid rent from a solvent tenant, eviction costs, and the tenant's own hotel bill are business risks the landlord carries, because the policy responds only to a covered physical loss.

Additional living expense pays the increase in the insured household's own cost of living while the damaged home is unfit to live in, covering items such as temporary lodging and higher meal costs. Lost rent belongs to fair rental value, destroyed furniture is a contents claim, and a voluntary remodel is not a covered loss at all.

The two indirect-loss coverages divide by whose loss it is: fair rental value handles income from the portion held for rental, and additional living expense handles the increased cost of living for the insured's own household. Renting part of a dwelling does not defeat either coverage, so the answer denying both losses misreads the eligibility rules.

Fair rental value is an indirect-loss coverage measured by rental income lost during the repair period, reduced by expenses that stop while the unit is unusable, such as utilities the owner no longer buys. Paying the gross lease amount would put the owner ahead of where the fire found her, which the principle of indemnity does not allow.

The basic dwelling form settles building losses at actual cash value, that is, replacement cost less depreciation at the time of the loss. Replacement cost on the dwelling is what the broad and special forms offer when their insurance-to-value condition is met, and market value is a sale price that reflects land and location rather than rebuilding cost.

Actual cash value is replacement cost less depreciation: $12,000 minus $4,000 leaves $8,000, and the deductible then comes off that figure. Paying the full $12,000 would apply the broad or special form's replacement-cost settlement, and paying $4,000 hands the insured the depreciation instead of the value that was actually destroyed.

Both the broad and special forms pay building losses at replacement cost, provided the insured carries the percentage of replacement cost the policy's loss-settlement condition demands. Personal property stays on an actual cash value basis unless a replacement cost endorsement is bought, so the contents answer overstates what the forms give.

The condition requires 80% of $300,000, or $240,000, and the owner carries $180,000. Falling short of that figure drops the settlement to the greater of actual cash value or the proportion of the repair cost that $180,000 bears to $240,000. Buying any limit does not earn replacement cost, and market value is not a settlement basis in these forms.

No dwelling form, basic, broad, or special, carries theft as an insured peril, which is one of the sharpest differences from a homeowners policy. A theft coverage endorsement adds it. The sublimit answer imports the homeowners treatment of jewelry and firearms, where theft is covered but capped, into a form that does not insure theft at all.

The broad form lists damage caused by burglars as an insured peril, so the shattered door is a building loss, but the stolen property itself is theft, which the form does not insure without an endorsement. The answer paying both treats the burglary peril as if it were theft coverage, and damage by burglars is plainly not excluded.

A dwelling policy is a first-party property contract with no liability section, so a bodily injury suit against the owner falls outside it until a personal liability endorsement is attached. No-fault medical payments to others and a duty to defend are Section II features of a homeowners policy or of that endorsement, not of the bare dwelling form.

A tenant can be the named insured on a dwelling policy for personal property, and the contents coverage also picks up improvements, alterations, and additions the tenant made to the rented premises. The tenant has no insurable interest in the landlord's building limit or rental income, and liability is not part of the property form.

The dwelling limit covers the building, the personal property limit covers appliances and furnishings the landlord owns and keeps on the premises for the tenant's use, and fair rental value replaces income lost while repairs are made. Additional living expense would respond to the insured's own household costs, which a nonresident landlord does not have.

The dwelling program tolerates a permitted incidental occupancy such as an office, a professional practice, a private school, or a studio, and business property in the dwelling can be picked up by endorsement. The answer voiding the form for any business use is too broad, and a separate entrance is not what makes the occupancy acceptable.

The dwelling forms state that a building under construction is not considered vacant, so the vacancy condition that suspends vandalism and certain other perils does not bite during the build. A certificate of occupancy is a municipal document, not a condition of coverage, and the dwelling limit insures the structure itself as well as materials on site.

Vehicles sits in the extended coverage group along with windstorm or hail, explosion, riot, aircraft, smoke, and volcanic eruption, so the endorsed basic form pays for the struck building. The property claim does not wait on the driver's auto insurer, though the dwelling carrier may pursue subrogation against the neighbor afterward.