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B&P §7191(a) 要求：四个及以下单元的住宅物业工程合同中的仲裁条款，必须明确标题为「ARBITRATION OF DISPUTES」；在印刷合同中须以至少 10 磅罗马体粗体排印，或以对比色红字、至少 8 磅罗马体粗体排印；打字合同则须使用大写字母。(a) 正是陷阱：8 磅粗体只有在使用对比色红字时才被允许，普通黑字绝不可以。(c) 虚构了批准程序；注册官不审查私人合同格式。(d) 把 §7191(c) 说反了：不合规的条款对持照人以外的所有人不可执行，因此能摆脱它的是业主而不是承包商；而合规的条款双方都要签字缩写。

B&P §7164(b) 列举了建造独栋住宅的合同必须包含的内容：承包商的姓名、地址和执照号；开工与实质完工的大致日期；施工地点的法定地产描述；法定的「机械师留置权警告」；以及商业综合责任保险声明和勾选框。1,000 美元或 10% 的首付款上限出自 §7159.5(a)(3)；以美元和美分列明的付款计划表出自 §7159.5(a)(4)；三个工作日的取消权则出自 §7159(e) 与 Civil Code §1689.7 针对上门招揽合同的规定。三者都是真实存在的加州规则，但都不是 §7164 的要求。

《民法典》§896规定了《维修权法》所涵盖的标准，§910及其后各条的诉前程序要求屋主先就索赔向建造商送达书面通知，并在起诉前让法定的检查与维修程序走完。该程序尚可进行时，直接起诉被禁止。机械师留置权是依《民法典》§8400提供劳务或材料之人的救济，而不是有缺陷房屋的屋主的救济。向CSLB举报属于执照纪律处分：既不能启动也不能替代§910程序。

流转条款在涉及分包工作范围的限度内，把总合同的义务并入分包合同，因此分包商就该工作对总承包商承担总承包商对业主所负的义务——进度、质量、赔偿、争议解决。它不产生合同关系，所以分包商既不会成为总合同的当事方，也不会因未获付款而取得对业主的合同请求权；在那一层面上的救济是留置权和停止付款通知。并且该条款的作用与最后一种理解正好相反：未被重复载明的条款依然有约束力。

代位求偿权弃权书的作用是：分包商的保险公司在赔付承保损失后，不得代位行使被保险人的权利向总承包商追偿。它不改变可动用的保险金额——那取决于保单限额和附加被保险人身份。它也不触及赔偿（indemnity）条款，那是一项独立的合同义务，与保险公司赔付多少无关。它更不决定哪份保单先行赔付，那是“首要且不分摊”条款的内容。

B&P §7159(e) 要求住宅改善合同在买方签名处的紧邻位置载明「三日取消权」通知——买方为老年人时标题改为「五日取消权」，修复已宣布灾害损失的合同则为七个工作日——并附一式两份、可分离的取消通知表格，语言须与口头推销所用语言相同。(c) 把期限压缩为 24 小时，加州根本没有这个期限。(b) 找错了机关：CSLB 负责发照和纪律处分，并不检查工程或核准付款；负责检查的是建筑部门。(a) 把 §7159.5(a)(5) 说反了：承包商不得索取超过已完成工作价值的款项，但业主并未因此取得扣留全部价款直至验收通过的法定权利。另外值得记住签名处附近还有什么：§7159(c)(6) 要求载明一项通知，告知业主有权要求承包商提供履约与付款保证金。

B&P §7159(c)(5)规定：变更单只有在以书面形式作成、并由双方在该变更单所涵盖的任何工作开始之前签署时，才成为家庭装修合同的一部分；§7159(d)(13)还要求合同本身在《关于额外工作与变更单的说明》标题下写明这一点。每日施工记录是承包商自己的记录，不等于业主的签字。CSLB负责发照与纪律处分，不预先批准变更单。合同价的任何百分比都不允许承包商单方变更工作——§7159正是为制止这种做法而设。

§7191(b) 要求：在仲裁条款正后方、且在双方签字缩写表示同意的位置正前方，合同必须以大写字母载明法定通知，告知业主同意仲裁即放弃法院或陪审团审判、放弃证据开示和上诉的权利，并声明同意该条款是自愿的。(b) 把该通知说成可选；只要合同含有仲裁条款，通知就是强制的。(a) 虚构了备案程序；CSLB 不审查也不保存私人合同。(c) 虚构了仲裁机构的强制指定；§7191 规范的是条款的呈现方式，而不是由谁仲裁。不符合规定的条款依 §7191(c) 对承包商以外的任何人不可执行——承包商自己仍受约束。

商业与职业法第7159(d)(10)和(d)(11)条把预计开工日期和完工日期列为合同必备条款，因此未在合理时间内开工本身即构成违约，且属于足以支持解除合同的重大违约；CSLB还可依第7107条按弃工、或依第7113条按未能完工予以追究。法律并不要求消费者先等六个月才能投诉，在承包商从未开工的情况下也无需等到原定完工日期。注册官处分的是持照人；退款要通过纪律裁定、执照保证金或法院实现，而不是提出请求即可。

§7191 的文义只规范「争议仲裁条款」。特殊标题、10 磅罗马体粗体（或 8 磅对比色红字）、大写法定通知以及单独签字缩写，全都附着于仲裁，因为放弃法院或陪审团审判、放弃证据开示和上诉权利的是仲裁。调解不放弃任何这些权利——调解只是不具约束力的和解会议——因此 §7191 的格式要求不适用于它。(a) 是常见的误读，把该规则当作涵盖任何替代性争议解决条款。(b) 虚构了备案程序；委员会不审查私人合同。(d) 虚构了签署规则；§7191(b) 说的是合同当事人，而非产权登记上的所有人。

Civil Code §941(a) 将《修复权法》诉讼的外部期限定为实质完工后 10 年。在该期限内，§896 又为许多缺陷类型规定了更短的期限——管道与下水道 4 年、油漆与污渍 5 年、园艺与灌溉 1 年、噪音传导 2 年——所以答案是分层的，而非单一数字。(a) 是 SB 800 之前 Code of Civil Procedure §337.15 的框架，至今仍适用于该法未涵盖的项目，但不是本题所问的 §896 方案。(b) 把时效与 Civil Code §900 要求建筑商另行提供的一年期明示「装修面层」保证混为一谈。(c) 套用了不动产损害的一般三年发现规则（CCP §338(b)），而 SB 800 已就其涵盖的住宅建筑取代了该规则。

Civil Code §910 要求房主向建筑商递交书面通知，合理详细地说明其主张被违反的 §896 标准。随后建筑商依 §916 享有查验权（确认后 14 天内初次查验，40 天内二次查验），并可依 §917 提出修复要约；跳过 §910–§938 程序，依 §930 一般会导致诉讼被驳回或中止。(a) 虚构了注册官的职能——CSLB 调查投诉、处分持照人，但不会在起诉前出具缺陷意见书。(b) 把除斥期间理解反了：§941 的十年是外部上限，等它跑满只会消灭请求权，而不是让它成熟。(d) 找错了机关；Department of Real Estate 监管房地产持照人，而非建筑商或承包商。

B&P §7159(d) 写得很明确：住宅改善合同「及其任何变更」都必须采用书面形式，并在变更单所涵盖的工作开始「之前」由双方签署。§7159(e)(3) 还要求合同本身警告买方：额外工作或变更工作不可强制执行，除非变更单事先以书面载明工作范围、合同价的增减金额，以及对进度付款和完工日期的影响。(a) 是普通法的答案，而这里适用的不是普通法——住宅改善工程上，§7159 取代了口头同意。(c) 虚构了一个微量豁免；§7159.5(a)(8) 唯一给予的豁免取决于是否提供履约与付款保证金，而不是变更的大小。(d) 虚构了「附带工作」豁免；瓷砖从每平方英尺 $4 提到 $9，范围和价格都变了。承包商还可能依 §7159.5 和 §7160 受到处分。

B&P §7159.5(a)(5)规定：除首付款外，承包商不得索取或接受超过已完成工作价值或已送达材料价值的付款——即“不得超前于工程收款”。与之配套的是§7159.5(a)(3)：如收取首付款，不得超过1,000美元或合同金额的10%，以较低者为准。50%的里程碑、每月固定10%以及按最近发票付款在本条中均无依据；三者都会让业主的付款跑在工程之前，而这正是该条要防止的损害，违反者除面临纪律处分外还构成轻罪。

Civil Code §1689.6(a)(2) 规定，依 B&P §7151.2 订立的住宅改善合同，买方可在「收到经签署并注明日期的合同副本」后第三个工作日午夜之前取消；B&P §7159(e) 还要求合同载明「三日取消权」通知，并附一式两份、可分离的取消通知表格，其语言须与口头推销所用语言相同。每个干扰项都是加州真实存在、但适用于其他情形的期限。(a) 七个工作日适用于修复已宣布进入紧急状态的灾害损失的合同，以及依 §1689.6(b) 购买个人紧急呼救设备的合同。(d) 五个工作日是 §1689.6(a) 给予老年买方的延长期，而本题买方 42 岁。(c) 是 §1689.6(a)(3) 与 B&P §7159.10 的服务与维修合同规则，仅适用于买方主动联系且金额不超过 750 美元的情形。

加州法院将「收到付款时支付」条款解读为规定合理的付款时间，而非先决条件。Wm. R. Clarke Corp. v. Safeco Ins. Co. (1997) 15 Cal.4th 882 判定真正的「仅在收到付款时支付」条款不可执行，因为它放弃了受宪法保护的机械师留置权救济。因此主承包商仍须依 B&P §7108.5（收到进度款后 7 天内）和 Civil Code §8814（收到保留金后 10 天内）向分包商付款，错误扣款按每月 2% 罚息。(b) 正是 Clarke 案否定的 pay-if-paid 解读。(c) 虚构了公私工程之分；§7108.5(e) 适用于全部私人工程，以及除 Public Contract Code §10262 另有规定外的全部公共工程。(d) 说过了头：该条款并非无效，且 §7108.5(a) 明确允许双方以书面约定不同的进度付款间隔。真正不被允许的，是把业主的破产风险转嫁给分包商。

Under B&P §7159, a home improvement contract and any changes to it must be in writing whenever the aggregate contract price, including labor and materials, exceeds $500.

B&P §7151 defines home improvement as repairing, remodeling, altering, or adding to residential property, including pools, fences, driveways, and patios. New commercial construction is not a home improvement.

B&P §7159 requires that a home improvement contract be signed by both parties and a copy given to the owner before any work is performed. Starting work first is a violation.

Under B&P §7159, the down payment on a home improvement contract may not exceed $1,000 or 10% of the contract price, whichever is less. Ten percent of $6,000 is $600, which is less than $1,000.

The down payment cannot exceed $1,000 or 10% of the price, whichever is LESS. Ten percent of $40,000 is $4,000, but the $1,000 cap is lower, so $1,000 is the maximum.

A home solicitation home improvement contract may be canceled by the buyer within three business days after signing, under California's home solicitation cancellation law (Civil Code §1689.5 et seq.).

For a buyer who is a senior citizen (65 years of age or older), California extends the home solicitation right to cancel to five business days rather than three.

B&P §7159.5(a)(5) bars the contractor, downpayment aside, from requesting or accepting payment exceeding the value of the work performed or material delivered, so 'as work proceeds' is lawful only if the amounts actually track the work. §7159.5(a)(4) is the companion requirement: where payments fall due before completion, the contract must carry a schedule of payments in dollars and cents specifically referencing the work or services to be performed and the materials and equipment to be supplied. A schedule saying only 'as work proceeds' fails that on its face. (c) and (d) invent arithmetic the statute never uses — there is no minimum instalment and no thirds rule. (a) is the opposite error: nothing requires the contractor to finance the job, and progress payments up to the value in place are exactly what the statute allows.

B&P §7159 requires a home improvement contract to contain a Mechanics Lien Warning, informing the owner that those who supply labor or materials and are not paid may record a lien against the property.

B&P §7159(d)(10) requires the heading 'Approximate Start Date' followed by the approximate date work will commence, and §7159(d)(11) requires the estimated completion date to be referenced — both of them — and §7164(b)(2) requires the same pair in a contract to build a single-family dwelling. 'Sometime soon' and 'when done' are not approximations but the absence of a term, and §7159(a)(5) makes that cause for discipline. (d) keeps half the requirement, which is how this violation usually looks in practice. (c) invents a dollar threshold; the only threshold in the article is the $500 that makes it a home improvement contract at all. (b) reads 'approximate' as 'optional', when the statute has already made its concession by asking for an approximate date rather than a firm one.

B&P §7159 requires the contract to include the contractor's name, business address, and license number, among other elements. The homeowner's SSN and notarization are not required.

B&P §7161 makes it a prohibited act (and cause for discipline) to cause a buyer to sign a contract containing blank spaces to be filled in after signing.

B&P §7159 requires the contractor to furnish the buyer a fully completed, signed copy of the contract before any work is performed.

B&P §7159 requires that any change to a home improvement contract be in writing and signed by both the contractor and the owner before the extra work is done.

Under B&P §7159.10, a service and repair contract may be used only when, among other conditions, the buyer initiated contact to request the work and the price is $750 or less.

B&P §7159.10 limits a service and repair contract to a total price of $750 or less; larger jobs require a full home improvement contract.

B&P §7159.10 requires that under a service and repair contract, no payment is due and none may be collected until the work is complete. Down payments are not permitted on these contracts.

The down payment cap is $1,000 or 10%, whichever is less. Ten percent of $15,000 is $1,500, but the $1,000 cap controls, so $2,500 is over the legal maximum.

B&P §7152 defines a home improvement salesperson as a person employed by a licensed contractor to solicit, sell, negotiate, or execute home improvement contracts. Such persons must be registered with the CSLB.

B&P §7153(a) makes it a misdemeanor to engage in the occupation of home improvement salesperson without a current and valid registration issued by the registrar at the time of the sales transaction, and §7154 requires the employing contractor to notify the registrar in writing before the salesperson begins work. The registration is not a licence: it authorises soliciting, selling, negotiating and executing contracts only for the licensed contractor or contractors behind it. (a) and (b) describe becoming a CONTRACTOR — the salesperson sits no trade or law examination and holds no licence. (c) borrows a bond from the licensing side and uses a superseded figure besides; the contractor's licence bond under B&P §7071.6 is $25,000, and a salesperson posts none. Note §7155.5: the salesperson's violations are cause for discipline against the contractor whether or not he knew of them.

B&P §7159.5(a)(4) requires that where payments are to be made before completion, the contract include 'a schedule of payments in dollars and cents specifically referencing the amount of work or services to be performed and any materials and equipment to be supplied.' Two elements, both mandatory: the figure in dollars and cents, and the work it buys. (a) gives the figure without the work, and percentages are exactly what the statute displaced — an owner cannot check '30 percent' against anything on site. (b) is unlawful under §7159.5(a)(5), which bars requesting or accepting any payment exceeding the value of the work performed or the material delivered, whatever the contractor now thinks the schedule should say. (d) describes a lump-sum-on-completion contract, which needs no schedule but also permits no progress payment.

B&P §7159(e) requires the contract to carry, near the buyer's signature, a notice captioned 'Three-Day Right to Cancel' — 'Five-Day' for a senior citizen, seven business days for repairs after a declared disaster — stating the transaction date, the date by which a cancellation must be sent and where to send it, plus a detachable Notice of Cancellation form in duplicate, in the language of the sales presentation. (a) is a lien document: Civil Code §8200 makes preliminary notice a precondition to a lien, a stop payment notice or a payment bond claim, and it can arrive up to 20 days after the claimant starts work. (c) is the owner's recorded notice, which shortens a subcontractor's lien deadline from 90 days after completion to 30 days after recording (Civil Code §8414). (b) is the building department's sign-off that the structure may be occupied.

California's home solicitation law requires the seller to give the buyer two copies of a completed Notice of Cancellation form, so one can be mailed while the buyer retains a copy.

Under the home solicitation cancellation law, upon cancellation the seller must return any payments made by the buyer within 10 days of receiving the notice of cancellation.

The three business-day cancellation period runs from the date the buyer signs the home solicitation contract, not from when work begins or a permit issues.

The three-business-day right comes from Civil Code §1689.6 and B&P §7159(e), and the only route out of it is Civil Code §1689.13: a buyer-initiated contract for emergency or immediately necessary repairs, plus a SEPARATE dated statement signed by the buyer describing the situation and expressly waiving the three-, five- or seven-day right. A waiver pre-printed in the contractor's own form satisfies none of that. Putting it there is worse than ineffective — B&P §7161 makes a false or misleading statement used to induce a home improvement contract a public offense, and §7160 gives the owner damages plus a $500 penalty and fees. (a) and (c) invent thresholds; the right does not scale with price, and a home improvement contract is residential by definition. (b) treats the buyer's initials as the separate statement §1689.13 demands, which is precisely the shortcut that section forecloses.

B&P §7159 requires that the home improvement contract be written in the same language (for example, Spanish) that was principally used in the oral sales presentation or negotiation.

B&P §7159.5(a)(5) is the prohibition: 'Except for a downpayment, the contractor shall neither request nor accept payment that exceeds the value of the work performed or material delivered', and the bar extends to advance payment in whole or in part from any lender or financier. The other three options are all lawful. Billing after a phase is finished is precisely what the §7159.5(a)(4) payment schedule contemplates. A $1,000 downpayment is the ceiling itself on any job of $10,000 or more, because §7159.5(a)(3) takes the LESSER of $1,000 and 10 percent. Final payment on completion is the ordinary close. Collecting ahead of the value in place is the only unlawful act among the four, and it is how most §7159 discipline cases begin.

A joint control, or funding control, is a neutral third party that holds the construction funds and releases them to the contractor against verified progress. B&P §7159.5(a)(8) is why it matters: a contractor who furnishes a joint control APPROVED BY THE REGISTRAR covering full performance and payment is exempt from the downpayment cap, the dollars-and-cents payment schedule, and the bar on accepting payment ahead of the value in place, and may take payment before completion. Two conditions travel with it — the registrar's approval, and the contractor holding no financial or other interest in the control. (b) describes joint checks, the different protection the Mechanics Lien Warning recommends to owners. (d) describes permit inspections, which verify code compliance, not payment. (a) describes unlawful licence sharing.

B&P §7159.5(a)(8) exempts a contractor who furnishes a performance and payment bond, a lien and completion bond, an approved bond equivalent, or a JOINT CONTROL approved by the registrar covering full performance and payment, from paragraphs (3), (4) and (5) — the $1,000-or-10-percent downpayment cap, the dollars-and-cents payment schedule, and the bar on accepting payment beyond the value in place. Such a contractor may accept payment before completion, and the matching §7159 notices may be omitted. The security replaces the statutory cash controls. Two conditions are easy to miss: the joint control must be REGISTRAR-APPROVED, and the contractor may hold no financial or other interest in it. (d) reads the exemption out of the statute; (a) and (b) invent arithmetic the statute never performs.

B&P §7159 requires the contract to contain the heading 'Home Improvement' in at least 10-point boldface type at the top of the first page.

B&P §7159 requires the contract to state the total contract price and, if financing is involved, to disclose the amount of any finance charge separately from the cash price.

B&P §7030(b) requires every licensee to include, in at least 12-point type, in all home improvement contracts and service and repair contracts, the 'Information about the Contractors State License Board (CSLB)' notice: that CSLB is the state consumer protection agency that licenses and regulates contractors, that the owner can contact it about disclosable complaints, disciplinary actions and civil judgments, that a complaint filed within the legal deadline (usually four years) can be investigated, and that a buyer who uses an unlicensed contractor may have no remedy but a civil suit — plus CSLB's website, telephone number and address. §7030(c) makes omitting it cause for discipline. It sits alongside the §7159(e) notices: commercial general liability, workers' compensation, the Mechanics Lien Warning and the cancellation notice. (a) is what a licence conspicuously does NOT do, which is why the contractor must separately disclose whether he carries commercial general liability insurance. (c) inverts the workers' compensation notice, which requires the contractor to state either that he carries coverage for all employees or that he has no employees and is exempt. (b) invents a rate-approval role; CSLB licenses and disciplines, it does not price jobs.

B&P §7159.10(a) allows a service and repair contract only when four things are all true: the contract amount is $750 or less, the buyer initiated contact to request the work, the contractor does not sell goods or services beyond those reasonably necessary to take care of the particular problem that caused the buyer to call, and no payment is due or accepted until the work is completed. (a) breaks the fourth condition outright — a deposit on a service and repair job is prohibited, not merely capped by the home improvement rule of $1,000 or 10 percent. (b) and (c) both break the third. The consequence matters: under §7159.10(b), the moment any condition fails the full §7159 home improvement requirements apply to the contract regardless of price, cancellation rights included.